Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, Czech Republic.
Virulence. 2023 Dec;14(1):2265015. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2265015. Epub 2023 Oct 9.
Infection with often triggers pathophysiologic perturbations that are further augmented by the inflammatory responses of the host, resulting in the severe clinical conditions of Lyme disease. While our apprehension of the spatial and temporal integration of the virulence determinants during the enzootic cycle of is constantly being improved, there is still much to be discovered. Many of the novel virulence strategies discussed in this review are undetermined. Lyme disease spirochaetes must surmount numerous molecular and mechanical obstacles in order to establish a disseminated infection in a vertebrate host. These barriers include borrelial relocation from the midgut of the feeding tick to its body cavity and further to the salivary glands, deposition to the skin, haematogenous dissemination, extravasation from blood circulation system, evasion of the host immune responses, localization to protective niches, and establishment of local as well as distal infection in multiple tissues and organs. Here, the various well-defined but also possible novel strategies and virulence mechanisms used by to evade obstacles laid out by the tick vector and usually the mammalian host during colonization and infection are reviewed.
感染 通常会引发病理生理紊乱，而宿主的炎症反应进一步加剧了这些紊乱，导致莱姆病的严重临床症状。虽然我们对 在其媒介动物的生态循环过程中，毒力决定因素的时空整合的理解在不断提高，但仍有许多有待发现。在本综述中讨论的许多新的毒力策略尚不确定。莱姆病螺旋体必须克服许多分子和机械障碍，才能在脊椎动物宿主中建立播散性感染。这些障碍包括从蜱的中肠到体腔，再到唾液腺的螺旋体易位，到皮肤的沉积，血源性播散，从血液循环系统渗出，逃避宿主免疫反应，定位到保护性小生境，以及在多个组织和器官中建立局部和远端感染。在这里，我们回顾了 在殖民和感染过程中，通过各种已明确但也可能是新的策略和毒力机制来逃避蜱媒介和通常是哺乳动物宿主设置的障碍。
