Babigumira Brian Martin, Sölkner Johann, Mészáros Gábor, Wurzinger Maria, Pfeiffer Christina, Lewis Craig R G, Lukuyu Ben, Ouma Emily, Marshall Karen
Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda.
Front Genet. 2023 Sep 25;14:1123826. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1123826. eCollection 2023.
Several factors, including breed, lead to divergent performance of pigs for production and reproduction traits in different environments. A recent genomics study showed that Modern European (ME) pig breeds contribute to the ancestry of smallholder pigs in the Hoima and Kamuli districts, Uganda. These pigs were also involved in a longitudinal study with several traits recorded, including 540 body weights (WT) of 374 growing pigs, 195 records of total number of piglets born alive (TBA) of 157 sows, and 110 total number weaned (TNW) records of 94 sows. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for the significance of environmental effects, including housing system, geographic location, and the season when the events occurred as well as animal-specific effects like age, sex, parity, and farrow-to-weaning interval. Stepwise model reduction starting from models with all main effects and pairwise interactions was applied. The final models were then expanded to include proportions of Modern European (ME) ancestry for the subset of animals genotyped, following genomic ancestry analysis based on a Porcine 50K SNP Chip. ME ancestry proportions ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 and were categorized into three classes (low/medium/high ME) based on 33.3% quantiles. The effects of ME classes on WT and TBA were not significant. ME showed a significant effect on TNW. Sows with a high proportion of ME weaned 2.4 piglets more than the low group, the medium ME group being intermediate. This study used genomic data to investigate the effects of genetic ancestry on the performance of smallholder pigs in Uganda. The proportion of Modern European ancestry did not exceed 0.50, therefore not allowing for the comparison of local versus pure "exotic" types of pigs. For the range of ancestries observed, which is the relevant one for current smallholder systems in Uganda, differences were small for the body weight of growing pigs and the number of piglets born alive, while higher proportions of ME ancestry resulted in significantly more piglets weaned. The availability of genotypes of a higher number of growing pigs would have been beneficial for drawing conclusions on the effect of ME ancestry on the growth rates of smallholder pigs in Uganda.
包括品种在内的多种因素，导致猪在不同环境下的生产和繁殖性状表现存在差异。最近的一项基因组学研究表明，现代欧洲（ME）猪品种对乌干达霍伊马区和卡穆利区的小农户养猪的血统有贡献。这些猪还参与了一项纵向研究，记录了多个性状，包括374头生长猪的540次体重（WT）、157头母猪的195次产活仔猪总数（TBA）记录以及94头母猪的110次断奶仔猪总数（TNW）记录。使用线性混合效应模型来检验环境效应的显著性，包括饲养系统、地理位置、事件发生的季节以及年龄、性别、胎次和产仔到断奶间隔等动物特异性效应。从包含所有主效应和成对相互作用的模型开始进行逐步模型简化。然后，在基于猪50K SNP芯片进行基因组血统分析后，将最终模型扩展到包括基因分型动物子集中现代欧洲（ME）血统的比例。ME血统比例范围为0.02至0.50，并根据33.3%分位数分为三类（低/中/高ME）。ME类别对WT和TBA的影响不显著。ME对TNW有显著影响。ME比例高的母猪比低比例组多断奶2.4头仔猪，中等ME组介于两者之间。本研究利用基因组数据调查了遗传血统对乌干达小农户养猪性能的影响。现代欧洲血统的比例不超过0.50，因此无法对本地猪与纯“外来”猪类型进行比较。对于观察到的血统范围，这是乌干达当前小农户养殖系统的相关范围，生长猪的体重和产活仔猪数量的差异较小，而较高比例的ME血统导致断奶仔猪显著增多。获得更多生长猪的基因型对于得出ME血统对乌干达小农户养猪生长速度的影响的结论将是有益的。
