Holloszy J O, Smith E K
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1986 Nov;61(5):1656-60. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.5.1656.
It has been postulated that increased energy expenditure results in shortened survival. To test this "rate-of-living theory" we examined the effect of raising energy expenditure by means of cold exposure on the longevity of rats. Male 6-mo-old SPF Long-Evans rats were gradually accustomed to immersion in cool water (23 degrees C). After 3 mo they were standing in the cool water for 4 h/day, 5 days/wk. They were maintained on this program until age 32 mo. The cold exposure resulted in a 44% increase in food intake (P less than 0.001). Despite their greater food intake, the cold-exposed rats' body weights were significantly lower than those of control animals from age 11 to 32 mo. The average age at death of the cold-exposed rats was 968 +/- 141 days compared with 923 +/- 159 days for the controls. The cold exposure appeared to protect against neoplasia, particularly sarcomas; only 24% of the necropsied cold-exposed rats had malignancies compared with 57% for the controls. The results of this study provide no support for the concept that increased energy expenditure decreases longevity.
据推测，能量消耗增加会导致寿命缩短。为了验证这一“生活速率理论”，我们通过冷暴露来提高能量消耗，进而研究其对大鼠寿命的影响。6月龄的雄性无特定病原体（SPF）朗-埃文斯大鼠被逐渐训练适应浸入23摄氏度的凉水中。3个月后，它们每天在凉水中站立4小时，每周5天。持续该方案直至32月龄。冷暴露使食物摄入量增加了44%（P<0.001）。尽管冷暴露大鼠的食物摄入量更大，但从11月龄到32月龄，其体重显著低于对照动物。冷暴露大鼠的平均死亡年龄为968±141天，而对照组为923±159天。冷暴露似乎能预防肿瘤，尤其是肉瘤；尸检时，只有24%的冷暴露大鼠患有恶性肿瘤，而对照组为57%。本研究结果不支持能量消耗增加会缩短寿命这一观点。
