Escobar-Molina Raquel, Cuevas-Laguna Miguel, Chirosa-Ríos Ignacio J, Merino-Fernández María, Chirosa-Ríos Luis J, Franchini Emerson
Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Health Science Faculty, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain.
Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Sep 25;5:1190369. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1190369. eCollection 2023.
The use of strength training is important for athletes in combat sports such as judo and jiu-jitsu. Specificity is key when prescribing strength training programs for athletes, considering maximal strength, muscular power and strength-endurance. Grappling combat sports require grip control, which is necessary to execute throwing techniques and groundwork. The aim of this study was to verify the bilateral strength deficit in general and in grappling combat sport-specific action in the control group and grapplers. A sample of 73 subjects, divided into 2 groups, was used: the Student Group (15 females and 16 males) and the Grappler Group (29 males and 13 females). The male and female participants attended four laboratory sessions over a 48-hour interval, the first two to familiarize themselves with the Electromechanical Functional Dynamometer (EMFD), and the last two to collect maximal isometric strength data, using a standard grip and a judo/jiujitsu specific grip. Significant differences in mean and peak forces ( < 0.001) were found, with high performance combat sport athletes having greater maximal isometric strength compared to students both bilaterally and unilaterally ( < 0.001). All comparisons also indicated higher values for males compared to females ( < 0.001). The results suggest that specific training in combat sports as well as sex differences play a significant role in maximal isometric strength performance. The type of grip used affects the application of force in the upper limb isometric strength tests, finding a main effect of grip type ( < 0.001), with the standard grip obtaining higher levels. However, the dominance between hands remains constant. More research is needed on specific judogi/jiu-jitsu-gi grips and their impact on maximal isometric strength with the EMFD.
力量训练对于柔道和柔术等格斗运动的运动员来说非常重要。在为运动员制定力量训练计划时，特异性是关键，要考虑最大力量、肌肉力量和力量耐力。格斗类运动需要握力控制，这对于执行投掷技术和地面技术至关重要。本研究的目的是验证对照组和格斗运动员在一般情况下以及在格斗类运动特定动作中的双侧力量差异。研究使用了73名受试者组成的样本，分为两组：学生组（15名女性和16名男性）和格斗运动员组（29名男性和13名女性）。男性和女性参与者在48小时内参加了四次实验室测试，前两次是为了熟悉机电功能测力计（EMFD），后两次是为了收集最大等长力量数据，分别使用标准握法和柔道/柔术特定握法。研究发现平均力和峰值力存在显著差异（<0.001），高水平格斗运动运动员在双侧和单侧的最大等长力量均高于学生（<0.001）。所有比较还表明男性的值高于女性（<0.001）。结果表明，格斗运动的特定训练以及性别差异在最大等长力量表现中起着重要作用。在上肢等长力量测试中，使用的握法类型会影响力量的施加，发现握法类型有主要影响（<0.001），标准握法获得的水平更高。然而，双手之间的优势保持不变。关于特定的柔道服/柔术服握法及其对使用EMFD测量的最大等长力量的影响，还需要更多的研究。
