Phukan Banashree Chetia, Roy Rubina, Gahatraj Indira, Bhattacharya Pallab, Borah Anupom
Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Phytother Res. 2023 Dec;37(12):5657-5699. doi: 10.1002/ptr.8012. Epub 2023 Oct 12.
Leading neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the impairment of memory and motor functions, respectively. Despite several breakthroughs, there exists a lack of disease-modifying treatment strategies for these diseases, as the available drugs provide symptomatic relief and bring along side effects. Bioactive compounds are reported to bear neuroprotective properties with minimal toxicity, however, a detailed elucidation of their modes of neuroprotection is lacking. The review elucidates the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of some of the major phyto-compounds in pre-clinical and clinical studies of AD and PD to understand their potential in combating these diseases. Curcumin, eugenol, resveratrol, baicalein, sesamol and so on have proved efficient in countering the pathological hallmarks of AD and PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine and so on have reached the clinical phases of these diseases, while aromadendrin, delphinidin, cyanidin and xanthohumol are yet to be extensively explored in pre-clinical phases. The review highlights the need for extensive investigation of these compounds in the clinical stages of these diseases so as to utilize their disease-modifying abilities in the real field of treatment. Moreover, poor pharmacokinetic properties of natural compounds are constraints to their therapeutic yields and this review suggests a plausible contribution of nanotechnology in overcoming these limitations.
主要的神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD），分别以记忆和运动功能受损为特征。尽管取得了一些突破，但这些疾病仍缺乏改变疾病进程的治疗策略，因为现有药物只能缓解症状且会带来副作用。据报道，生物活性化合物具有神经保护特性且毒性极小，然而，其神经保护模式尚缺乏详细阐释。本综述阐明了一些主要植物化合物在AD和PD临床前及临床研究中的神经保护机制，以了解它们在对抗这些疾病中的潜力。姜黄素、丁香酚、白藜芦醇、黄芩素、芝麻酚等已被证明在对抗AD和PD的病理特征方面有效。姜黄素、白藜芦醇、咖啡因等已进入这些疾病的临床阶段，而香豆素、飞燕草素、花青素和黄腐酚在临床前阶段尚未得到广泛研究。本综述强调需要在这些疾病的临床阶段对这些化合物进行广泛研究，以便在实际治疗领域利用它们改变疾病进程的能力。此外，天然化合物较差的药代动力学性质限制了它们的治疗效果，本综述提出纳米技术在克服这些限制方面可能具有重要作用。
