Gomes Telma Marisa, Sousa Patrícia, Campos Catarina, Perestrelo Rosa, Câmara José S
CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
Foods. 2024 Jul 20;13(14):2289. doi: 10.3390/foods13142289.
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) are on the rise, robbing people of their memories and independence. While risk factors such as age and genetics play an important role, exciting studies suggest that a diet rich in foods from plant origin may offer a line of defense. These kinds of foods, namely fruits and vegetables, are packed with a plethora of powerful bioactive secondary metabolites (SBMs), including terpenoids, polyphenols, glucosinolates, phytosterols and capsaicinoids, which exhibit a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-Alzheimer's, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial properties, associated with preventive effects in the development of chronic diseases mediated by oxidative stress such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and NDDs. This review explores the potential of SBMs as agents (metabolites with therapeutic and preventive action) against NDDs. By understanding the science behind plant-based prevention, we may be able to develop new strategies to promote brain health and prevent the rise in NDDs. The proposed review stands out by emphasizing the integration of multiple SBMs in plant-based foods and their potential in preventing NDDs. Previous research has often focused on individual compounds or specific foods, but this review aims to present a comprehensive fingerprint of how a diet rich in various SBMs can synergistically contribute to brain health. The risk factors related to NDD development and the diagnostic process, in addition to some examples of food-related products and medicinal plants that significantly reduce the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), are highlighted.
诸如阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD）等神经退行性疾病正在增加，剥夺了人们的记忆和独立性。虽然年龄和遗传等风险因素起着重要作用，但令人兴奋的研究表明，富含植物源性食物的饮食可能提供一种防御手段。这类食物，即水果和蔬菜，富含大量强大的生物活性次生代谢产物（SBMs），包括萜类化合物、多酚、硫代葡萄糖苷、植物甾醇和辣椒素类化合物，它们具有广泛的生物活性，包括抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗高血压、抗阿尔茨海默病、抗增殖和抗菌特性，与氧化应激介导的慢性疾病（如2型糖尿病、呼吸系统疾病、癌症、心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病）发展中的预防作用相关。本综述探讨了SBMs作为抗神经退行性疾病药物（具有治疗和预防作用的代谢产物）的潜力。通过了解基于植物的预防背后的科学原理，我们或许能够制定新的策略来促进大脑健康并预防神经退行性疾病的增加。拟议的综述通过强调植物性食物中多种SBMs的整合及其预防神经退行性疾病的潜力而脱颖而出。以往的研究通常集中在个别化合物或特定食物上，但本综述旨在呈现富含各种SBMs的饮食如何协同促进大脑健康的全面概况。除了一些显著降低乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）、丁酰胆碱酯酶（BChE）和β-位点淀粉样前体蛋白（APP）裂解酶1（BACE1）抑制作用的与食物相关的产品和药用植物实例外，还突出了与神经退行性疾病发展相关的风险因素和诊断过程。
