Ramírez-Barahona S, González-Serrano F M, Martínez-Ugalde E, Soto-Pozos A, Parra-Olea G, Rebollar E A
Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Anim Microbiome. 2023 Oct 13;5(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s42523-023-00271-7.
The composition and diversity of animal-associated microbial communities are shaped by multiple ecological and evolutionary processes acting at different spatial and temporal scales. Skin microbiomes are thought to be strongly influenced by the environment due to the direct interaction of the host's skin with the external media. As expected, the diversity of amphibian skin microbiomes is shaped by climate and host sampling habitats, whereas phylogenetic effects appear to be weak. However, the relative strength of phylogenetic and environmental effects on salamander skin microbiomes remains poorly understood. Here, we analysed sequence data from 1164 adult salamanders of 44 species to characterise and compare the diversity and composition of skin bacteria. We assessed the relative contribution of climate, host sampling habitat, and host phylogeny to the observed patterns of bacterial diversity. We found that bacterial alpha diversity was mainly associated with host sampling habitat and climate, but that bacterial beta diversity was more strongly associated with host taxonomy and phylogeny. This phylogenetic effect predominantly occurred at intermediate levels of host divergence (0-50 Mya). Our results support the importance of environmental factors shaping the diversity of salamander skin microbiota, but also support host phylogenetic history as a major factor shaping these bacterial communities.
与动物相关的微生物群落的组成和多样性受到在不同空间和时间尺度上起作用的多种生态和进化过程的影响。由于宿主皮肤与外部介质的直接相互作用，皮肤微生物群被认为受环境的强烈影响。正如预期的那样，两栖动物皮肤微生物群的多样性受气候和宿主采样栖息地的影响，而系统发育效应似乎较弱。然而，系统发育和环境对蝾螈皮肤微生物群的相对影响仍知之甚少。在这里，我们分析了来自44个物种的1164只成年蝾螈的序列数据，以表征和比较皮肤细菌的多样性和组成。我们评估了气候、宿主采样栖息地和宿主系统发育对观察到的细菌多样性模式的相对贡献。我们发现细菌的α多样性主要与宿主采样栖息地和气候相关，但细菌的β多样性与宿主分类学和系统发育的相关性更强。这种系统发育效应主要发生在宿主分化的中间水平（0-5000万年前）。我们的结果支持环境因素对蝾螈皮肤微生物群多样性形成的重要性，但也支持宿主系统发育历史是塑造这些细菌群落的主要因素。
