Afşin Dursun E, Gül Erkut, Kerget Bugra
Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, TUR.
Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, TUR.
Cureus. 2023 Sep 11;15(9):e45026. doi: 10.7759/cureus.45026. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Besides direct exposure, indirect contact with tobacco smoke significantly contributes to numerous health issues. Unfortunately, people are unaware that the precautions taken in closed environments are inadequate to deal with this issue. We conducted this study to assess carbon monoxide (CO) levels of people exposed to tobacco smoke indoors and outdoors.
Our study between May and June 2023 included individuals exposed to tobacco smoke indoors (n=100) and outdoors (n=100). Our control group included 100 people who had never been exposed to healthy tobacco smoke and agreed to participate in our research. The amount of CO exhaled was measured by observing how long people were in contact with tobacco smoke and how close they were to it. Questionnaires were asked of the study participants about the harms and awareness of tobacco smoke exposure.
Exhaled CO levels were 1.46 ± 0.1 ppm in people exposed to tobacco smoke indoors, 1.1± 0.03 ppm in people exposed to smoke outside, and 1.1± 0.02 ppm in the control group. The statistical analysis revealed that individuals exposed to tobacco smoke in the indoor environment had significantly higher exhaled CO levels than those in the outdoor and the control groups (p=0.006). In the correlation analysis of time and distance in the indoor environment with the exhaled CO level, there was no statistically significant difference between time and space (r= -0.168, p=0.09, r=0.09, p=0.37, respectively). While less than half of both groups were aware of second-hand tobacco smoke, individuals exposed to tobacco smoke in the outdoor environment were more familiar (p<0.001).
Despite the precautions, indoor tobacco smoke exposure is severe because of second- and third-hand smoke. Raising individual awareness and enhancing the steps should be our top concern to prevent future health problems.
除了直接接触外，与烟草烟雾的间接接触也会显著导致众多健康问题。不幸的是，人们并未意识到在封闭环境中采取的预防措施不足以应对这一问题。我们开展这项研究以评估在室内和室外接触烟草烟雾的人群的一氧化碳（CO）水平。
我们在2023年5月至6月期间进行的研究纳入了在室内（n = 100）和室外（n = 100）接触烟草烟雾的个体。我们的对照组包括100名从未接触过烟草烟雾且同意参与我们研究的健康人群。通过观察人们接触烟草烟雾的时长以及与烟雾的距离来测量呼出的CO量。向研究参与者询问了有关烟草烟雾暴露的危害和认知情况的问卷。
在室内接触烟草烟雾的人群中，呼出的CO水平为1.46±0.1 ppm，在室外接触烟雾的人群中为1.1±0.03 ppm，在对照组中为1.1±0.02 ppm。统计分析显示，在室内环境中接触烟草烟雾的个体呼出的CO水平显著高于室外和对照组（p = 0.006）。在室内环境中时间和距离与呼出的CO水平的相关性分析中，时间和空间之间没有统计学上的显著差异（r分别为 -0.168，p = 0.09；r = 0.09，p = 0.37）。虽然两组中均不到一半的人知晓二手烟草烟雾，但在室外环境中接触烟草烟雾的个体更为了解（p < 0.001）。
尽管采取了预防措施，但由于二手烟和三手烟，室内烟草烟雾暴露情况严重。提高个人意识并加强相关措施应是我们预防未来健康问题的首要关注点。
