养老院老年人的功能和心理社会状况：来自欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查（SHARE）的结果。
Functional and Psychosocial Profile of Older People Living in Nursing Homes: Findings from the European Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).
作者信息
Socci Marco, Di Rosa Mirko, D'Amen Barbara, Melchiorre Maria Gabriella
机构信息
Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Via Santa Margherita 5, 60124 Ancona, Italy.
Centre for Biostatistics and Applied Geriatric Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Via Santa Margherita 5, 60124 Ancona, Italy.
出版信息
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Oct 9;11(19):2702. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11192702.
BACKGROUND
This paper is based on results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), exploring many aspects (health, economic situation and welfare) of the European population aged 50+. Differently from many other international studies, SHARE includes persons living in nursing homes or residential care facilities as part of its sample. The aim of this paper is to provide a socio-demographic, functional and psychosocial snapshot of older residents in nursing homes in Europe.
METHODS
This paper uses data from SHARE Wave 8/2020, carried out in 27 European countries. A quantitative/descriptive approach explores the prevalence of older people aged 65+ living in residential facilities as mapped by the SHARE survey across Europe, with regard to associated dimensions, i.e., socio-demographic, family relationship, perceived health/main diseases, functional and psychological status.
RESULTS
These show that older residents live mainly in Central and Northern Europe, are aged 80+, female and widowed. A small social network (SN) size is often reported. Health is perceived, above all, as being fair-poor, and the presence of long-term illness is high, with several chronic health conditions and functional limitations. The reported quality of life (QoL) is low for most respondents, with moderate-low satisfaction with life.
CONCLUSION
The analysis depicts a profile of seniors needing residential care in Europe, and provides useful insights for policymakers, to better sustain this frail population group, and to allow and improve access to high-quality long-term care (LTC) in Europe. Our findings could also be of help to train health professionals, and potentially drive the research towards the exploration of new housing solutions for seniors. This would in turn contribute to the effective implementation of European initiatives to strengthen LTC systems.
背景
本文基于欧洲健康、老龄化与退休调查（SHARE）的结果，探讨了50岁以上欧洲人口的多个方面（健康、经济状况和福利）。与许多其他国际研究不同，SHARE将住在养老院或寄宿护理机构的人纳入其样本。本文旨在提供欧洲养老院老年居民的社会人口学、功能和心理社会概况。
方法
本文使用了2020年第8轮SHARE在27个欧洲国家开展的数据。采用定量/描述性方法，探讨了SHARE调查所绘制的欧洲65岁以上居住在寄宿设施中的老年人的患病率，以及相关维度，即社会人口学、家庭关系、自我感知健康/主要疾病、功能和心理状态。
结果
结果显示，老年居民主要居住在中欧和北欧，年龄在80岁以上，女性且丧偶。经常报告社交网络规模较小。总体而言，健康状况被认为一般至较差，长期疾病的发生率较高，存在多种慢性健康状况和功能限制。大多数受访者报告的生活质量较低，对生活的满意度为中度至低度。
结论
该分析描绘了欧洲需要寄宿护理的老年人的概况，并为政策制定者提供了有用的见解，以更好地支持这一脆弱人群，并在欧洲允许并改善获得高质量长期护理（LTC）的机会。我们的研究结果也可能有助于培训卫生专业人员，并有可能推动研究探索针对老年人的新住房解决方案。这反过来将有助于有效实施欧洲加强长期护理系统的举措。
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