Medicine Usage in South Africa, North-West University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Medicine Usage in South Africa, North-West University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Cancer Epidemiol. 2023 Dec;87:102470. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102470. Epub 2023 Oct 11.
Accurate epidemiological data are vital in estimating the burden of disease in a country. Little is known about the incidence of childhood cancer in Ghana. This study describes the incidence patterns of cancer in children below 14 years and 11 months from 2015 to 2019 at the only two main pediatric cancer referral centers in Ghana: Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH).
Data on the incidence of cancer in children below 14 years and 11 months were collected retrospectively between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2019 from patients' medical folders at KBTH and the cancer registry at the pediatric units of KATH. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Incident rates expressed as age-specific rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years using population estimates for age groups and sex in each year, were determined by age groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14 years and 11 months), sex, region of residence and cancer types based on the International Childhood Cancer Classification, third edition.
The total ASR per 100,000 person-years from 2015 to 2019 was 9.36 based on 1073 cases observed. The ASR increased from 1.6 per 100,000 person-years in 2015-2.41 in 2017, thereafter decreasing to 1.45 in 2019. The ASR was higher in male children (2.10 per 100,000 person-years), children between 0 and 4 years (0.27 per 100,000 person-years), and children living in the Greater Accra region (4.17 per 100,000 person-years). The most prevalent cancers were lymphomas (2.17 per 100,000 person-years) and leukemia (1.88 per 100,000 person-years).
The study provides baseline information on the incidence patterns of childhood cancer from 2015 to 2019, addressing a critical gap in childhood cancer epidemiology in Ghana.
准确的流行病学数据对于评估一个国家的疾病负担至关重要。关于加纳儿童癌症的发病率知之甚少。本研究描述了 2015 年至 2019 年期间加纳仅有的两家主要儿科癌症转诊中心（科托努教学医院（KBTH）和科福安诺耶教学医院（KATH））收治的 14 岁以下儿童癌症的发病模式。
从 2015 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日，从 KBTH 的患者病历和 KATH 儿科病房的癌症登记处，回顾性收集了 14 岁以下儿童癌症的发病率数据。采用描述性统计方法对数据进行描述。发病率表示为特定年龄组（ASR），以每 100,000 人年的个体为单位，根据每年各年龄组和性别的人口估计数确定，按年龄组（0-4 岁、5-9 岁、10-14 岁和 11 个月）、性别、居住地区和癌症类型（基于国际儿童癌症分类，第三版）进行分类。
2015 年至 2019 年期间，每 100,000 人年的总发病率为 9.36，观察到 1073 例病例。发病率从 2015 年的 1.6 上升至 2017 年的 2.41，此后在 2019 年下降至 1.45。男性儿童（2.10/100,000 人年）、0-4 岁儿童（0.27/100,000 人年）和居住在大阿克拉地区的儿童（4.17/100,000 人年）的发病率较高。最常见的癌症是淋巴瘤（2.17/100,000 人年）和白血病（1.88/100,000 人年）。
本研究提供了 2015 年至 2019 年期间儿童癌症发病模式的基线信息，填补了加纳儿童癌症流行病学的空白。
