Suleiman Dauda Eneyamire, Adamu Adamu Saidu, Ezenkwa Uchenna Simon, Yusuf Maimuna Orahachi, Lawan Aliyu Ibrahim, Dachi Rufai Abdu, Bwala Kefas John, Liman Haruna Usman, Kabir Abba, Adamu Adamu Isa, Kolomi Modu Abubakar, Jimoh Abdulrazaq Ajanaku, Garba Ismaila Isa, Abdullahi Yusuf Mohammed, Audu Bala Mohammed
Department of Histopathology, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Front Oncol. 2024 Aug 30;14:1379968. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1379968. eCollection 2024.
Cancers are a major cause of childhood mortality worldwide especially in LMICs where underdiagnoses and lack of quality cancer data hampers effective cancer control efforts. This study aimed to document and describe the patterns and characteristics of childhood cancers in the North East geopolitical zone of Nigeria.
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that collected cancer data from 4 out of the 6 states in the North East of Nigeria. The data included all malignancies diagnosed in children aged 0-19 years between 2019 and 2022. The age-specific incidence rates were also calculated for the individual 5-year age groups (0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years). The crude incidence rates (CIR) were calculated as the weighted averages of the respective ASRs in each age range within 0-14 years and 0-19 years respectively. The cancers were grouped according to the International Incidence of Childhood Cancers, volume 3 (IICC3).
Cancers in people <20 years accounted for 7.3% of all cancers diagnosed over the same period. The crude incidence rates (CIR) for cancers in children and adolescents were 20.9 per million children aged 0-19 years and 18.8 per million children aged 0-14 years respectively, while the age-standardized rates (ASR) were 1.80 and 1.63 per million person-years respectively. There was a variation in the most commonly diagnosed cancers across all age groups. However, lymphomas were the most commonly diagnosed cancers overall, while CNS tumors were overwhelmingly rare.
Despite data limitations, this study provides useful insights into patterns of cancers in the region and will hopefully provide a basis for the strengthening of pediatric oncology care, childhood cancer control programs and population-based cancer registries.
癌症是全球儿童死亡的主要原因，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家，诊断不足以及缺乏高质量的癌症数据阻碍了有效的癌症控制工作。本研究旨在记录和描述尼日利亚东北地缘政治区儿童癌症的模式和特征。
这是一项回顾性横断面研究，收集了尼日利亚东北部6个州中4个州的癌症数据。数据包括2019年至2022年期间0至19岁儿童诊断出的所有恶性肿瘤。还计算了各个5岁年龄组（0至4岁、5至9岁、10至14岁和15至19岁）的年龄别发病率。粗发病率（CIR）分别计算为0至14岁和0至19岁各年龄范围内相应年龄标准化率（ASR）的加权平均值。癌症根据《国际儿童癌症发病率》第3卷（IICC3）进行分组。
20岁以下人群的癌症占同期诊断出的所有癌症的7.3%。儿童和青少年癌症的粗发病率分别为每百万0至19岁儿童20.9例和每百万0至14岁儿童18.8例，而年龄标准化率分别为每百万人年1.80例和1.63例。所有年龄组中最常诊断出的癌症存在差异。然而，淋巴瘤总体上是最常诊断出的癌症，而中枢神经系统肿瘤极为罕见。
尽管存在数据限制，本研究为该地区癌症模式提供了有用的见解，并有望为加强儿科肿瘤护理、儿童癌症控制项目和基于人群的癌症登记提供依据。
