Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Dokl Biochem Biophys. 2023 Aug;511(1):203-211. doi: 10.1134/S1607672923700254. Epub 2023 Oct 13.
The edible oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most cultivated species worldwide. Morphogenesis associated with the maturation of fruit bodies is controlled by two unlinked loci of sexual compatibility matA and matB with multiple alleles (tetrapolar system of sexual compatibility). Quantitative analysis of the alleles of mating compatibility loci in 17 natural isolates collected in the Moscow region was performed in mon-mon (monokaryons-monokaryon) and di-mon (dikaryon-monokaryon) crossings. Four monokaryotic testers strains which were heteroallelic at both mating type loci were obtained for each of the five natural mushroom isolates by using original technique of sterile spore prints on Petri dishes and mon-mon crossing. Twelve natural isolates were crossed via di-mon mating with the four monokaryotic testers M-38. Genetic analysis of the alleles of sexual compatibility loci in 17 natural isolates revealed multiple alleles at both loci: at least ten alleles at matA locus and eight alleles at matB locus. Structural organization analysis of the matA locus was performed in silico for homokaryotic strains PC9 and PC15 based on the whole-genome sequencing data available at DOE Joint Genome Institute. The matA locus has an extremely divergent structure: there are one copy of the homeodomain gene hd1 and one copy of the hd2 gene in the PC9 strain, whereas the matA locus of the PC15 strain is composed by two copies of hd1.1 and hd1.2 genes (class HD1 homeodomain proteins) and one copy of hd2 gene (class HD2 proteins). Comprehensive analysis of amino acid sequences of HD1 and HD2 homeodomain proteins demonstrated that the proteins have a globular structure with the nuclear localization and contain a variable N-terminus and a more conserved DNA-binding domain with a specific conserved motif WFXNXR in the third ɑ-helix. The results suggest that multiple alleles of the matA locus of sexual compatibility in basidiomycete fungi is achieved due to both different copy number of the coding hd genes within the locus and the variability of the coding gene sequences.
可食用的平菇 Pleurotus ostreatus 是全球种植最多的物种之一。与果实成熟相关的形态发生受两个不连锁的性亲和交配位点 matA 和 matB 控制，这些位点具有多个等位基因（性亲和的四极系统）。在莫斯科地区采集的 17 个天然分离物中，对交配相容性位点的等位基因进行了定量分析，这些分离物在 mon-mon（单核体-单核体）和 di-mon（双核体-单核体）杂交中进行。通过在培养皿上使用原始无菌孢子印花技术和 mon-mon 杂交，从 5 个天然蘑菇分离物中获得了每个分离物的 4 个异等位基因单核体测试菌株。通过 di-mon 交配与 4 个单核体测试菌株 M-38 对 12 个天然分离物进行了杂交。对 17 个天然分离物的性亲和位点等位基因的遗传分析显示，两个位点均具有多个等位基因：matA 位点至少有 10 个等位基因，matB 位点有 8 个等位基因。基于 DOE 联合基因组研究所提供的全基因组测序数据，在 silico 中对同源菌株 PC9 和 PC15 的 matA 位点进行了结构组织分析。matA 位点的结构具有极强的变异性：PC9 菌株中只有一个 homeodomain 基因 hd1 和一个 hd2 基因，而 PC15 菌株的 matA 位点由两个 hd1.1 和 hd1.2 基因（HD1 类同源结构域蛋白）和一个 hd2 基因（HD2 类蛋白）组成。对 HD1 和 HD2 类同源结构域蛋白的氨基酸序列进行综合分析表明，这些蛋白具有球形结构，具有核定位，并包含一个可变的 N 端和一个更保守的 DNA 结合域，在第三个 ɑ-螺旋中含有特定的保守基序 WFXNXR。研究结果表明，担子菌真菌交配相容性 matA 位点的多个等位基因是由于该位点内编码 hd 基因的不同拷贝数和编码基因序列的变异性所致。
