Fleck Steven J, Jobson Richard W
Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
National Herbarium of New South Wales, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Locked Bag 6002, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Sep 22;12(19):3356. doi: 10.3390/plants12193356.
Plastid molecular phylogenies that broadly sampled angiosperm lineages imply that carnivorous plants evolved at least 11 times independently in 13 families and 6 orders. Within and between these clades, the different prey capture strategies involving flypaper and pitfall structures arose in parallel with the subsequent evolution of snap traps and suction bladders. Attempts to discern the deep ontological history of carnivorous structures using multigene phylogenies have provided a plastid-level picture of sister relationships at the family level. Here, we present a molecular phylogeny of the angiosperms based on nuclear target sequence capture data (Angiosperms-353 probe set), assembled by the Kew Plant Trees of Life initiative, which aims to complete the tree of life for plants. This phylogeny encompasses all carnivorous and protocarnivorous families, although certain genera such as (Plantaginaceae) are excluded. This study offers a novel nuclear gene-based overview of relationships within and between carnivorous families and genera. Consistent with previous broadly sampled studies, we found that most carnivorous families are not affiliated with any single family. Instead, they emerge as sister groups to large clades comprising multiple non-carnivorous families. Additionally, we explore recent genomic studies across various carnivorous clades that examine the evolution of the carnivorous syndrome in relation to whole-genome duplication, subgenome dominance, small-scale gene duplication, and convergent evolution. Furthermore, we discuss insights into genome size evolution through the lens of carnivorous plant genomes.
对被子植物谱系进行广泛采样的质体分子系统发育研究表明，食虫植物在13个科和6个目中至少独立进化了11次。在这些分支内部和之间，涉及粘蝇纸和陷阱结构的不同猎物捕获策略与随后捕虫夹和捕虫囊的进化并行出现。利用多基因系统发育来探究食虫结构深层本体论历史的尝试，提供了一个科级水平上姐妹关系的质体层面图景。在此，我们基于由邱园生命之树计划组装的核靶序列捕获数据（被子植物-353探针组），展示了被子植物的分子系统发育，该计划旨在完成植物的生命之树。这个系统发育涵盖了所有食虫和原食虫科，尽管某些属如（车前科）被排除在外。这项研究提供了一个基于核基因的关于食虫科和属内部及之间关系的全新概述。与之前广泛采样的研究一致，我们发现大多数食虫科并不隶属于任何单一科。相反，它们作为包含多个非食虫科的大型分支的姐妹群出现。此外，我们探讨了近期针对各种食虫分支的基因组研究，这些研究考察了食虫综合征相对于全基因组复制、亚基因组优势、小规模基因复制和趋同进化的进化情况。此外，我们还从食虫植物基因组的角度讨论了对基因组大小进化的见解。
