Baharin Anis, Ting Tiew-Yik, Goh Hoe-Han
Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 15;12(2):408. doi: 10.3390/plants12020408.
Systems biology has been increasingly applied with multiple omics for a holistic comprehension of complex biological systems beyond the reductionist approach that focuses on individual molecules. Different high-throughput omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, metagenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been implemented to study the molecular mechanisms of botanical carnivory. This covers almost all orders of carnivorous plants, namely Caryophyllales, Ericales, Lamiales, and Oxalidales, except Poales. Studies using single-omics or integrated multi-omics elucidate the compositional changes in nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. The omics studies on carnivorous plants have led to insights into the carnivory origin and evolution, such as prey capture and digestion as well as the physiological adaptations of trap organ formation. Our understandings of botanical carnivory are further enhanced by the discoveries of digestive enzymes and transporter proteins that aid in efficient nutrient sequestration alongside dynamic molecular responses to prey. Metagenomics studies revealed the mutualistic relationships between microbes and carnivorous plants. Lastly, in silico analysis accelerated the functional characterization of new molecules from carnivorous plants. These studies have provided invaluable molecular data for systems understanding of carnivorous plants. More studies are needed to cover the diverse species with convergent evolution of botanical carnivory.
系统生物学越来越多地与多种组学技术结合应用，以全面理解复杂的生物系统，超越了专注于单个分子的还原论方法。人们已经采用了不同的高通量组学方法，包括基因组学、转录组学、宏基因组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学，来研究植物食肉性的分子机制。这涵盖了几乎所有食虫植物的目，即石竹目、杜鹃花目、唇形目和酢浆草目，但禾本目除外。使用单一组学或整合多组学的研究阐明了核酸、蛋白质和代谢物的组成变化。对食虫植物的组学研究已经揭示了食肉性的起源和进化，例如猎物捕获和消化以及捕虫器器官形成的生理适应。消化酶和转运蛋白的发现进一步加深了我们对植物食肉性的理解，这些酶和蛋白有助于高效地螯合营养物质以及对猎物的动态分子反应。宏基因组学研究揭示了微生物与食虫植物之间的共生关系。最后，计算机分析加速了食虫植物新分子的功能表征。这些研究为系统理解食虫植物提供了宝贵的分子数据。还需要更多的研究来涵盖具有趋同进化的植物食肉性的不同物种。
