College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
Instrument Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710048, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Sep 23;15(19):4115. doi: 10.3390/nu15194115.
leaves (AAL) are an excellent source of bioactive components for the food industry and possess many functional properties. However, the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of AAL remain unclear. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential hypoglycemic effect of AAL and explore its possible mechanism using 16S rRNA sequencing and serum metabolomics in diabetic mice induced by high-fat feeding in combination with streptozotocin injection. A total of 25 flavonoids from AAL were isolated and characterized, and the contents of the extract from the AAL ranged from 0.14 mg/g DW to 8.97 mg/g DW. The compound quercetin (2) had the highest content of 8.97 ± 0.09 mg/g DW, and the compound kaempferol-3--(2'--D-glucopyl)-β-D-rutinoside (12) had the lowest content of 0.14 ± 0.01 mg/g DW. In vivo experimental studies showed that AAL reduced blood glucose and cholesterol levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and ameliorated oxidative stress and liver and kidney pathological damage. In addition, gut microbiota analysis found that AAL significantly reduced the F/B ratio, enriched the beneficial bacteria Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, and inhibited the harmful bacteria Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio, thereby playing an active role in intestinal imbalance. In addition, metabolomics analysis showed that AAL could improve amino acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, thereby exerting a hypoglycemic effect. This study confirmed that AAL can alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by regulating intestinal flora and interfering with related metabolic pathways, providing a scientific basis for its use as a dietary supplement and for further exploration of the mechanism of AAL against T2DM.
叶片（AAL）是食品工业中生物活性成分的绝佳来源，具有许多功能特性。然而，AAL 的降血糖作用及其机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过高脂喂养联合链脲佐菌素注射诱导的糖尿病小鼠 16S rRNA 测序和血清代谢组学，研究 AAL 的潜在降血糖作用及其可能的机制。从 AAL 中分离并鉴定了 25 种类黄酮，提取物中类黄酮的含量范围为 0.14mg/gDW 至 8.97mg/gDW。化合物槲皮素（2）的含量最高，为 8.97±0.09mg/gDW，化合物山柰酚-3--（2′-D-葡萄糖基）-β-D-芦丁糖苷（12）的含量最低，为 0.14±0.01mg/gDW。体内实验研究表明，AAL 可降低血糖和胆固醇水平，提高胰岛素敏感性，改善氧化应激和肝肾病理损伤。此外，肠道微生物分析发现，AAL 可显著降低 F/B 比，富集有益菌拟杆菌属和双歧杆菌属，抑制有害菌乳杆菌属和脱硫弧菌属，从而对肠道失衡发挥积极作用。此外，代谢组学分析表明，AAL 可以通过改善氨基酸代谢和花生四烯酸代谢来发挥降血糖作用。本研究证实，AAL 通过调节肠道菌群和干扰相关代谢途径缓解 2 型糖尿病（T2DM），为其作为膳食补充剂的应用提供了科学依据，并进一步探讨了 AAL 对 T2DM 的作用机制。
