School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinsese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.
School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.
Phytomedicine. 2024 Jan;122:155088. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155088. Epub 2023 Sep 14.
Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs), as an herbal dietary supplement and a traditional Chinese medicine, have been used in treating diseases for hundred years. Recently, increasing evidence reveals that the extracts and active ingredients of GBLs have anti-cancer (chemo-preventive) properties. However, the molecular mechanism of GBLs in anti-cancer has not been comprehensively summarized.
To systematically summarize the literatures for identifying the molecular mechanism of GBLs in cellular, animal models and clinical trials of cancers, as well as for critically evaluating the current evidence of efficacy and safety of GBLs for cancers.
Employing the search terms "Ginkgo biloba" and "cancer" till July 25, 2023, a comprehensive search was carried out in four electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The articles not contained in the databases are performed by manual searches and all the literatures on anti-cancer research and mechanism of action of GBLs was extracted and summarized. The quality of methodology was assessed independently through PRISMA 2020.
Among 84 records found in the database, 28 were systematic reviews related to GBLs, while the remaining 56 records were related to the anticancer effects of GBLs, which include studies on the anticancer activities and mechanisms of extracts or its components in GBLs at cellular, animal, and clinical levels. During these studies, the top six cancer types associated with GBLs are lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and cervical cancer. Further analysis reveals that GBLs primarily exert their anticancer effects by stimulating cancer cell apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion and migration of cancers, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and modulating signaling pathways. Besides, the pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical research on the anti-tumor activity of GBLs have also been discussed.
This is the first paper to thoroughly investigate the pharmacology effect, toxicology, and the mechanisms of action of GBLs for anti-cancer properties. All the findings will reinforce the need to explore the new usage of GBLs in cancers and offer comprehensive reference data and recommendations for future research on this herbal medicine.
银杏叶（GBL）作为一种草药膳食补充剂和传统中药，已被用于治疗疾病达百年之久。最近，越来越多的证据表明，GBL 的提取物和有效成分具有抗癌（化学预防）特性。然而，GBL 抗癌的分子机制尚未得到全面总结。
系统总结 GBL 在癌症的细胞、动物模型和临床试验中抗癌作用的文献，并批判性地评估 GBL 治疗癌症的疗效和安全性的现有证据。
使用“银杏”和“癌症”的检索词，截至 2023 年 7 月 25 日，在 Scopus、PubMed、Google Scholar 和 Web of Science 四个电子数据库中进行了全面检索。通过手动检索数据库中未包含的文章，并提取和总结了所有关于 GBL 抗癌研究和作用机制的文献。通过 PRISMA 2020 独立评估方法学质量。
在数据库中发现的 84 条记录中，有 28 条是关于 GBL 的系统评价，其余 56 条记录与 GBL 的抗癌作用有关，包括 GBL 提取物或其成分在细胞、动物和临床水平上的抗癌活性和机制的研究。在这些研究中，与 GBL 相关的前六种癌症类型是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和宫颈癌。进一步分析表明，GBL 主要通过刺激癌细胞凋亡、抑制癌细胞增殖、侵袭和转移、发挥抗炎和抗氧化作用以及调节信号通路来发挥抗癌作用。此外，还讨论了 GBL 的药理学、毒理学和抗肿瘤活性的临床研究。
这是第一篇彻底研究 GBL 抗癌作用的药理学、毒理学和作用机制的论文。所有的发现都将加强探索 GBL 在癌症中的新用途的必要性，并为这种草药的未来研究提供全面的参考数据和建议。
