Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Feb;63(1):243-251. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03261-2. Epub 2023 Oct 16.
This study aimed to investigate the association between macronutrient intake and biological age.
Data were collected from 26,381 adults who participated in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Two biological ages were estimated using the Klemera-Doubal method (KDM) and PhenoAge algorithms. Biological age acceleration (AA) was computed as the difference between biological age and chronological age. The associations between macronutrient intakes and AA were investigated.
After fully adjusting for confounding factors, negative associations were observed between AA and fiber intake (KDM-AA: β - 0.53, 95% CI - 0.62, - 0.43, P < 0.05; PhenoAge acceleration: β - 0.30, 95% CI - 0.35, - 0.25, P < 0.05). High-quality carbohydrate intake was associated with decreased AA (KDM-AA: β - 0.57, 95% CI - 0.67, - 0.47, P < 0.05; PhenoAge acceleration: β - 0.32, 95% CI - 0.37, - 0.26, P < 0.05), while low-quality carbohydrate was associated with increased AA (KDM-AA: β 0.30, 95% CI 0.21, 0.38, P < 0.05; PhenoAge acceleration: β 0.16, 95% CI 0.11, 0.21, P < 0.05). Plant protein was associated with decreased AA (KDM-AA: β - 0.39, 95% CI - 0.51, - 0.27, P < 0.05; PhenoAge acceleration: β - 0.21, 95% CI - 0.26, - 0.15, P < 0.05). Long-chain SFA intake increased AA (KDM-AA: β 0.16, 95% CI 0.08, 0.24, P < 0.05; PhenoAge acceleration: β 0.11, 95% CI 0.07, 0.15, P < 0.05). ω-3 PUFA was associated with decreased KDM-AA (β - 0.18, 95% CI - 0.27, - 0.08, P < 0.05) and PhenoAge acceleration (β - 0.09, 95% CI - 0.13, - 0.04, P < 0.05).
Our findings suggest that dietary fiber, high-quality carbohydrate, plant protein, and ω-3 PUFA intake may have a protective effect against AA, while low-quality carbohydrate and long-chain SFA intake may increase AA. Therefore, dietary interventions aimed at modifying macronutrient intakes may be useful in preventing or delaying age-related disease and improving overall health.
本研究旨在探讨宏量营养素摄入与生物年龄之间的关系。
数据来自参与美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的 26381 名成年人。使用 Klemera-Doubal 方法（KDM）和 PhenoAge 算法估计了两种生物年龄。通过计算生物年龄与实际年龄之间的差异来计算生物年龄加速（AA）。研究了宏量营养素摄入与 AA 的关系。
在充分调整混杂因素后，AA 与纤维摄入呈负相关（KDM-AA：β-0.53，95%CI-0.62，-0.43，P<0.05；PhenoAge 加速：β-0.30，95%CI-0.35，-0.25，P<0.05）。高膳食纤维碳水化合物摄入与 AA 降低相关（KDM-AA：β-0.57，95%CI-0.67，-0.47，P<0.05；PhenoAge 加速：β-0.32，95%CI-0.37，-0.26，P<0.05），而低质量碳水化合物摄入与 AA 增加相关（KDM-AA：β0.30，95%CI0.21，0.38，P<0.05；PhenoAge 加速：β0.16，95%CI0.11，0.21，P<0.05）。植物蛋白与 AA 降低相关（KDM-AA：β-0.39，95%CI-0.51，-0.27，P<0.05；PhenoAge 加速：β-0.21，95%CI-0.26，-0.15，P<0.05）。长链 SFA 摄入增加 AA（KDM-AA：β0.16，95%CI0.08，0.24，P<0.05；PhenoAge 加速：β0.11，95%CI0.07，0.15，P<0.05）。ω-3 PUFA 与 KDM-AA 降低相关（β-0.18，95%CI-0.27，-0.08，P<0.05）和 PhenoAge 加速（β-0.09，95%CI-0.13，-0.04，P<0.05）。
我们的研究结果表明，膳食纤维、高质量碳水化合物、植物蛋白和 ω-3 PUFA 的摄入可能对 AA 具有保护作用，而低质量碳水化合物和长链 SFA 的摄入可能会增加 AA。因此，旨在改变宏量营养素摄入的饮食干预可能有助于预防或延缓与年龄相关的疾病并改善整体健康状况。
