Arshag D. Mooradian, M.D. Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, 4th Floor - LRC, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA, Phone: 904-244-8846, Fax: 904-244-8844, E-mail:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(7):805-808. doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1417-1.
Low carbohydrate diets (LCD) may help body weight loss and glycemic control in diabetes but their long-term consequences are not known. The aim of this review is to highlight the contrast between the potential benefits of short term LCD and the adverse health effects of long-term consumption of LCD. LCD can enhance weight loss in the short term although its effect is small and not sustainable. In people with diabetes and insulin resistance, LCD is helpful in achieving glycemic control. However, there are untoward side effects especially when carbohydrates are severely restricted (< 50 gm a day) to induce ketosis. The latter curbs appetite but also may cause nausea, fatigue water and electrolyte losses and limits exercise capacity. In addition, observational studies suggest that low carbohydrate diets (< 40% energy form carbohydrates) as well as very high carbohydrate diets (> 70% energy from carbohydrate) are associated with increased mortality. The available scientific evidence supports the current dietary recommendations to replace highly processed carbohydrates with unprocessed carbohydrates as well as limiting added sugars in the diet.
低碳水化合物饮食（LCD）可能有助于减轻体重和控制糖尿病患者的血糖，但它们的长期后果尚不清楚。本综述的目的是强调短期 LCD 的潜在益处与长期摄入 LCD 对健康的不利影响之间的对比。LCD 可以在短期内促进体重减轻，尽管其效果很小且不可持续。在糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗患者中，LCD 有助于控制血糖。然而，当碳水化合物严重受到限制（<50 克/天）以诱导酮症时，会出现不良的副作用。后者可以抑制食欲，但也可能导致恶心、疲劳、水和电解质流失，并限制运动能力。此外，观察性研究表明，低碳水化合物饮食（<40%的能量来自碳水化合物）和非常高的碳水化合物饮食（>70%的能量来自碳水化合物）与死亡率增加有关。现有的科学证据支持目前的饮食建议，即用未加工的碳水化合物替代高度加工的碳水化合物，并限制饮食中添加糖的摄入。
