Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
Heart Fail Rev. 2024 Jan;29(1):151-164. doi: 10.1007/s10741-023-10358-7. Epub 2023 Oct 17.
Abnormalities in impulse generation and transmission are among the first signs of cardiac remodeling in cardiomyopathies. Accordingly, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) of patients with cardiomyopathies may show multiple abnormalities. Some findings are suggestive of specific disorders, such as the discrepancy between QRS voltages and left ventricular (LV) mass for cardiac amyloidosis or the inverted T waves in the right precordial leads for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Other findings are less sensitive and/or specific, but may orient toward a specific diagnosis in a patient with a specific phenotype, such as an increased LV wall thickness or a dilated LV. A "cardiomyopathy-oriented" mindset to ECG reading is important to detect the possible signs of an underlying cardiomyopathy and to interpret correctly the meaning of these alterations, which differs in patients with cardiomyopathies or other conditions.
冲动生成和传递异常是心肌病心脏重构的最初迹象之一。因此,心肌病患者的 12 导联心电图(ECG)可能显示多种异常。一些发现提示特定疾病,例如心脏淀粉样变性的 QRS 电压与左心室(LV)质量之间的差异,或致心律失常性右室心肌病的右胸前导联倒置 T 波。其他发现的敏感性和/或特异性较低,但在具有特定表型的患者中可能有助于特定诊断,例如 LV 壁增厚或 LV 扩张。对心电图阅读采用“以心肌病为导向”的思维方式对于检测潜在心肌病的可能迹象以及正确解释这些改变的意义非常重要,这些改变在心肌病或其他疾病患者中是不同的。