Green growth strategies in Asia: unleashing the heterogeneous asymmetry of ICT capital, financial fragility, environmental policy stringency, and education.

Financial fragility, ICT capital, environmental policy stringency, and education are the main factors that have also gained popularity regarding their impact on green growth. This study examines the impact of financial fragility, ICT capital, environmental policy stringency, and education on green growth. For analyzing the short- and long-run estimates, we have applied the panel QARDL model. The results of the panel QARDL model highlight that the estimates of non-performing bank loans and bank costs are negatively significant in both the short and long run, implying that financial fragility hurts green growth in the short and long run. Similarly, the estimated coefficients of the internet (mobile) and education estimates are positively significant in the short and long run, confirming that ICT capital and education are causing green growth, while environmental policy stringency promotes green growth only in the long run. Regarding the asymmetric effects of all the factors on green growth, the Wald test only confirms asymmetric effects in the long run. The study offers several significant recommendations for sustainable green development policies.