Wang Mengge, Liu Yunhui, Luo Lintao, Feng Yuhang, Wang Zhiyong, Yang Ting, Yuan Huijun, Liu Chao, He Guanglin
Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
iScience. 2024 Nov 22;27(12):111456. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111456. eCollection 2024 Dec 20.
Indigenous populations of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau exhibit unique high-altitude adaptations, especially within Tibeto-Burman (TB) groups. However, the paternal genetic heritage of eastern Plateau regions remains less explored. We present one integrative Y chromosome dataset of 9,901 modern and ancient individuals, including whole Y chromosome sequences from 1,297 individuals and extensive Y-SNP/STR genotype data. We reveal the Paleolithic common origin and following divergence of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau ancestors from East Asian lowlands, marked by subsequent isolation and Holocene expansion involving local hunter-gatherers and millet-farming communities. We identified two key TB-related founding lineages, D-Z31591 and O-CTS4658, which underwent significant expansions around 5,000 years ago on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its eastern Tibetan-Yi Corridor. The genetic legacy of these TB lineages highlights crucial migration pathways linking the Plateau and lowland southwestern China. Our findings align paternal genetic structures with East Asian geography and linguistic groups, underscoring the utility of Y chromosome analyses in unraveling complex paternal histories.
青藏高原的原住民表现出独特的高海拔适应性，尤其是在藏缅语族群体中。然而，高原东部地区的父系遗传谱系仍有待深入研究。我们展示了一个包含9901个现代和古代个体的综合Y染色体数据集，其中包括1297个个体的完整Y染色体序列以及广泛的Y-SNP/STR基因型数据。我们揭示了青藏高原祖先与东亚低地在旧石器时代的共同起源以及随后的分化，其特征是随后的隔离以及全新世扩张，涉及当地的狩猎采集群体和粟作农业社区。我们确定了两个与藏缅语族相关的关键奠基谱系，即D-Z31591和O-CTS4658，它们在大约5000年前在青藏高原及其东部的藏彝走廊经历了显著扩张。这些藏缅语族谱系的遗传遗产突出了连接高原与中国西南部低地的关键迁徙路径。我们的研究结果使父系遗传结构与东亚地理和语言群体相匹配，强调了Y染色体分析在揭示复杂父系历史方面的作用。
