Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring, Green Management College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company, Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, China.
Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2023 Dec;114(4):e22058. doi: 10.1002/arch.22058. Epub 2023 Oct 18.
The click-beetles (Elateridae) are a species-rich beetle family that is easily recognizable. They are distributed in all zoogeographical regions with over 11,000 species. Comparative studies of the structural characteristics of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), as well as phylogenetic relationships of click-beetles, can improve our understanding of mitogenomic evolution. In this study, we determined four mitogenomes from Elateridae by next-generation sequencing. The four mitogenomes were 16,005 to 16,930 bp in length with 37 typical genes and a control region (A + T-rich region). Combined with previously reported elaterid mitogenomes, all PCGs initiate with either the standard start codon of ATN or TTG. According to the nonsynonymous/synonymous mutation ratio (Ka/Ks) of all PCGs, the highest and the lowest evolutionary rates were found for atp8 and cox1, respectively. Among the control regions of the four mitogenomes, several different patterns and numbers of tandem repeats were identified, which was the primary cause of the length variation in control regions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on 13 protein-coding genes and two ribosomal RNA genes from 33 species of Elateridae and two outgroups. The Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood trees had an identical topological structure. The monophyly of Cardiophorinae, Agrypninae and Elaterinae was recovered with high support in all topologies, and the Tetralobinae was placed as the earliest branch in the Elateridae. Expanding the availability of mitogenomic and genomic data from a broader range of click-beetles could provide more clarity on the disputed relationships among subfamilies within Elateridae.
叩甲科（Elateridae）是一个物种丰富的甲虫科，很容易识别。它们分布在所有动物地理区域，有超过 11000 种。对线粒体基因组（mitogenomes）的结构特征以及叩甲科的系统发育关系进行比较研究，可以增进我们对 mitogenomic 进化的理解。在这项研究中，我们通过下一代测序确定了来自叩甲科的四个 mitogenomes。这四个 mitogenomes的长度分别为 16005 至 16930bp，包含 37 个典型基因和一个控制区（A+T 丰富区）。结合之前报道的叩甲科 mitogenomes，所有 PCGs 都以 ATN 或 TTG 开始。根据所有 PCGs 的非同义/同义突变率（Ka/Ks），atp8 和 cox1 的进化速度最高和最低。在四个 mitogenomes 的控制区中，发现了几种不同的串联重复模式和数量，这是控制区长度变异的主要原因。基于 33 种叩甲科和两个外群的 13 个蛋白质编码基因和两个核糖体 RNA 基因进行了系统发育分析。贝叶斯推断和最大似然树具有相同的拓扑结构。在所有拓扑结构中，Cardiophorinae、Agrypninae 和 Elaterinae 的单系性得到了高度支持，而 Tetralobinae 被放置在 Elateridae 的最早分支上。扩大更广泛范围的叩甲科 mitogenomic 和基因组数据的可用性，可以更清楚地了解 Elateridae 内亚科之间有争议的关系。
