School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
Key Laboratory of Geographic Process Analysis & Simulation Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 19;18(10):e0293132. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293132. eCollection 2023.
The imbalanced regional development of higher vocational education, particularly the disparity between the supply and demand of educational resources, has emerged as the primary factor impeding the provision of high-quality higher education in China during the establishment of a universal education system. Based on the 1,482 higher vocational education institutions recognized by the Ministry of Education of China in 2021 as the research objects, the development of higher vocational education in China was explored from the perspective of supply and demand using the entropy weight TOPSIS method and coupling coordination degree model. It was found that China's higher vocational institutions were mainly located in provincial capitals, representing a point distribution pattern. From a comprehensive evaluation of the supply level, areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, and central Henan Province have become the catchment areas for the development of higher vocational education, laying the foundation for regional network cooperation. From the perspective of educational equality, the higher vocational education in China was found to be sufficient to match the supply and demand, and a balance between supply and demand was apparent in provincial capitals. The coupling degree between supply and demand exhibited an "olive-type" spatial structure pattern, indicating that the development of higher vocational education in most cities in China is still in the transformation stage. The results provide a scientific basis for optimizing resources in the provision of higher vocational education.
中国在建立普及化教育体系的过程中，高等职业教育发展不平衡，特别是教育资源的供需矛盾突出，成为制约我国高质量高等职业教育发展的主要因素。本研究以 2021 年教育部认可的 1482 所高等职业院校为研究对象，采用熵权 TOPSIS 法和耦合协调度模型，从供给与需求的角度探讨了中国高等职业教育的发展。研究发现，中国高等职业院校主要集中在省会城市，呈点状分布。从供给水平的综合评价来看，京津冀、长三角和河南中部地区已成为高等职业教育发展的集聚地，为区域网络合作奠定了基础。从教育公平的角度来看，中国的高等职业教育供给与需求基本匹配，省会城市的供需平衡明显。供给与需求的耦合度呈现“橄榄型”空间结构模式，表明中国大部分城市的高等职业教育发展仍处于转型阶段。研究结果为优化高等职业教育资源配置提供了科学依据。
