Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Science. 2023 Oct 20;382(6668):290-294. doi: 10.1126/science.add2915. Epub 2023 Oct 19.
Habitat conversion and climate change are fundamental drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide but are often analyzed in isolation. We used a continental-scale, decades-long database of more than 150,000 bird nesting attempts to explore how extreme heat affects avian reproduction in forests, grasslands, and agricultural and developed areas across the US. We found that in forests, extreme heat increased nest success, but birds nesting in agricultural settings were much less likely to successfully fledge young when temperatures reached anomalously high levels. Species that build exposed cup nests and species of higher conservation concern were particularly vulnerable to maximum temperature anomalies in agricultural settings. Finally, future projections suggested that ongoing climate change may exacerbate the negative effects of habitat conversion on avian nesting success, thereby compromising conservation efforts in human-dominated landscapes.
生境转换和气候变化是全球生物多样性丧失的根本驱动因素，但通常是分开分析的。我们使用了一个覆盖整个大陆、长达数十年的数据库，其中包含了超过 15 万次鸟类筑巢尝试的数据，以探讨极端高温如何影响美国森林、草原以及农业和发达地区的鸟类繁殖。我们发现，在森林中，极端高温会增加鸟巢的成功率，但当温度达到异常高的水平时，在农业环境中筑巢的鸟类成功孵化幼鸟的可能性要小得多。那些建造暴露的杯状鸟巢的物种和具有更高保护关注的物种在农业环境中特别容易受到最高温度异常的影响。最后，未来的预测表明，持续的气候变化可能会加剧生境转换对鸟类筑巢成功率的负面影响，从而危及在人类主导的景观中的保护工作。
