Institute for Nuclear Problems of the Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, Minsk 220006, Belarus.
B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NAS of Belarus, Nezavisimosty ave. 68, Minsk 220072, Belarus.
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2023 Nov;248:112800. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112800. Epub 2023 Oct 11.
Here we discuss fluorescent properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) interacting with the membranes of red blood cells. We report the results of spectroscopic, microscopic, and photon-counting measurements of the GQDs in different surroundings for uncovering specific features of the GQD fluorescence, and describe two observed phenomena important for implementation of the GQDs as fluorescent labels and agents for drug delivery. Firstly, the GQDs can suffer from photodegradation but also can be stabilized in the presence of antioxidants (reduced glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, or 1,4-hydroquinone). Secondly, GQDs can accumulate in red blood cell membranes without compromising the viability of the cells but also can induce hemolysis in the presence of visible light. We discuss mechanisms and regimes of the photodegradation, stabilization, interaction of the GQDs with red blood cell membranes, and hemolysis. Notably, photohemolysis for the case is dependent on the light dose and GQD concentration but not caused by the production of reactive oxygen species.
在这里，我们讨论了与红细胞膜相互作用的石墨烯量子点（GQDs）的荧光性质。我们报告了在不同环境下对 GQDs 进行光谱、显微镜和光子计数测量的结果，以揭示 GQD 荧光的特定特征，并描述了作为荧光标记物和药物递送试剂实施 GQDs 时两个重要的观察到的现象。首先，GQDs 可能会遭受光降解，但在抗氧化剂（还原型谷胱甘肽、N-乙酰半胱氨酸或 1,4-对苯二酚）存在下也可以稳定。其次，GQDs 可以在不影响细胞活力的情况下积聚在红细胞膜上，但在可见光存在下也可以诱导溶血。我们讨论了光降解、稳定、GQDs 与红细胞膜相互作用以及溶血的机制和条件。值得注意的是，对于这种情况的光溶血取决于光剂量和 GQD 浓度，但不是由活性氧物质的产生引起的。
