School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Division of Mental Health, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2024 Jan;68(1):1-22. doi: 10.1111/jir.13093. Epub 2023 Oct 19.
Sleep problems are regularly reported in people with intellectual disabilities. Recent years have seen a substantial increase in studies comparing sleep in people with intellectual disabilities to control participants, with an increase in the use of validated, objective measures. Emerging patterns of differences in sleep time and sleep quality warrant pooled investigation.
A systematic search was conducted across three databases (Ovid Embase, PsycInfo and Medline) and returned all papers comparing sleep in people with intellectual disabilities to a control group, published since the last meta-analysis on the topic. A quality framework was employed to rate the risk of bias across studies. Separate meta-analyses of sleep duration and sleep quality were conducted. Subgrouping compared findings for those studies with participants with genetic syndromes or neurodevelopmental conditions and those with heterogeneous intellectual disability.
Thirteen new papers were identified and combined with those from the previous meta-analysis to provide 34 papers in total. Quality of studies was generally rated highly, though sampling provided risk of bias and adaptive functioning was rarely measured. People with intellectual disability associated with genetic syndromes or neurodevelopmental conditions sleep for shorter time periods (standardised mean difference = .26) and experience worse sleep quality (standardised mean difference = .68) than their peers. People with intellectual disability of heterogeneous origin show no difference in sleep time but have poorer sleep quality. There was some evidence that age moderated these effects.
People with intellectual disability have poorer sleep than those without. Subtle patterns suggest that aetiology of intellectual disability moderates the topography of these difficulties, with further work needed to differentiate common and distinct mechanisms across groups.
睡眠问题在智障人士中经常被报道。近年来，越来越多的研究比较了智障人士和对照组的睡眠情况，并且越来越多地使用经过验证的客观测量方法。睡眠时间和睡眠质量的差异模式值得进行综合调查。
通过对三个数据库（Ovid Embase、PsycInfo 和 Medline）进行系统搜索，检索了自上次关于该主题的荟萃分析以来，将智障人士的睡眠与对照组进行比较的所有论文。采用质量框架对研究的偏倚风险进行评分。分别对睡眠时间和睡眠质量进行荟萃分析。对参与者为遗传综合征或神经发育障碍的研究和参与者为异质性智力障碍的研究进行分组比较。
确定了 13 篇新论文，并与之前的荟萃分析中的论文结合在一起，总共提供了 34 篇论文。研究的质量通常被评为较高，但抽样存在偏倚风险，适应性功能很少被测量。与遗传综合征或神经发育障碍相关的智障人士睡眠时间较短（标准化均数差=0.26），睡眠质量较差（标准化均数差=0.68）。智力障碍起源不同的人睡眠时间没有差异，但睡眠质量较差。有一些证据表明年龄会调节这些影响。
智障人士的睡眠质量比非智障人士差。细微的模式表明，智力障碍的病因学调节了这些困难的分布，需要进一步的工作来区分不同组别的共同和独特机制。
