Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 5400, Pakistan.
Curr Gene Ther. 2024;24(2):122-134. doi: 10.2174/0115665232261931231006103234.
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression. The literature has explored the key involvement of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). The miRNA regulates various signalling pathways; its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of NDD.
The present review is focused on the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of NDD and their role in the treatment or management of NDD. The literature provides comprehensive and cutting-edge knowledge for students studying neurology, researchers, clinical psychologists, practitioners, pathologists, and drug development agencies to comprehend the role of miRNAs in the NDD's pathogenesis, regulation of various genes/signalling pathways, such as α-synuclein, P53, amyloid-β, high mobility group protein (HMGB1), and IL-1β, NMDA receptor signalling, cholinergic signalling, etc. Methods: The issues associated with using anti-miRNA therapy are also summarized in this review. The data for this literature were extracted and summarized using various search engines, such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, and NCBI using different terms, such as NDD, PD, AD, HD, nanoformulations of mRNA, and role of miRNA in diagnosis and treatment.
The miRNAs control various biological actions, such as neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, cytoprotection, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and chaperone-mediated autophagy, and neurite growth in the central nervous system and diagnosis. Various miRNAs are involved in the regulation of protein aggregation in PD and modulating β-secretase activity in AD. In HD, mutation in the huntingtin (Htt) protein interferes with Ago1 and Ago2, thus affecting the miRNA biogenesis. Currently, many anti-sense technologies are in the research phase for either inhibiting or promoting the activity of miRNA.
This review provides new therapeutic approaches and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NDDs by using miRNA.
MicroRNAs（miRNA）是一种小的非编码 RNA，在基因表达调控中发挥重要作用。文献探讨了 miRNA 在前 列 腺 癌（AD）、帕金森病（PD）和亨廷顿病（HD）等各种神经退行性疾病（NDD）的诊断、预后和治疗中的关键作用。miRNA 调节各种信号通路；其失调参与了 NDD 的发病机制。
本综述重点探讨了 miRNA 在前 列 腺 癌（AD）发病机制中的作用及其在前 列 腺 癌（AD）治疗或管理中的作用。该文献为学习神经病学的学生、研究人员、临床心理学家、从业者、病理学家和药物开发机构提供了全面和前沿的知识，以了解 miRNA 在 NDD 发病机制、调节各种基因/信号通路中的作用，如 α-突触核蛋白、P53、淀粉样β、高迁移率族蛋白（HMGB1）和 IL-1β、NMDA 受体信号、胆碱能信号等。方法：本综述还总结了使用抗 miRNA 治疗相关的问题。通过使用各种搜索引擎，如 Google Scholar、Pubmed、Scopus 和 NCBI，并使用 NDD、PD、AD、HD、mRNA 纳米制剂和 miRNA 在诊断和治疗中的作用等不同术语，提取和总结了该文献的数据。
miRNA 控制着各种生物作用，如神经元分化、突触可塑性、细胞保护、神经炎症、氧化应激、细胞凋亡和伴侣介导的自噬以及中枢神经系统中的神经突生长和诊断。各种 miRNA 参与了 PD 中蛋白质聚集的调节和 AD 中β-分泌酶活性的调节。在 HD 中，亨廷顿（Htt）蛋白的突变干扰了 Ago1 和 Ago2，从而影响了 miRNA 的生物发生。目前，许多反义技术都处于研究阶段，旨在抑制或促进 miRNA 的活性。
本综述通过使用 miRNA 为 NDD 的诊断和预后提供了新的治疗方法和新的生物标志物。
Zotero 插件