Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Psychol Health. 2024 Dec;39(12):1823-1845. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2265929. Epub 2023 Oct 20.
Psychological (meaning in life, science attitude, internal locus of control, religiosity), and social factors (social support, cohesion) can counteract stressor-related distress. We investigated these factors' links with peri-pandemic distress (depression, anxiety, intrusions) and whether they weakened the impact of being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared prior East and West Germans on predictors and distress to investigate if their different backgrounds created lasting differences.
A population-representative German sample aged 45 to 70 ( = 380) in terms of age, sex, and school education completed online questionnaires in May-July 2020 and June-July 2021. We examined the predictive relations with correlation, forward inclusion regression, and moderation analyses.
Social support predicted lower distress, also prospectively. Meaning in life predicted lower distress cross-sectionally. Religiosity predicted greater distress. Life meaning and social support partly weakened the link between being affected by the pandemic and distress, religiosity and science attitude strengthened this link. The only significant East/West difference was in religiosity, which was higher in the West.
Social resources appeared particularly important in adjusting to the pandemic. The identified predictors may inform interventions. East and West Germans' similarity might indicate that their post-war separation did not create lasting differences in the investigated factors.
心理因素（生活意义、科学态度、内部控制点、宗教信仰）和社会因素（社会支持、凝聚力）可以减轻与应激源相关的痛苦。我们研究了这些因素与大流行前痛苦（抑郁、焦虑、闯入）的联系，以及它们是否削弱了受 COVID-19 大流行影响的影响。我们比较了先前的东德和西德人在预测因素和痛苦方面的差异，以调查他们不同的背景是否造成了持久的差异。
一项具有代表性的德国人口样本，年龄在 45 至 70 岁之间（ = 380），按年龄、性别和学校教育进行匹配，在 2020 年 5 月至 7 月和 2021 年 6 月至 7 月期间完成了在线问卷调查。我们使用相关分析、向前纳入回归和调节分析来检验预测关系。
社会支持预测了较低的痛苦，也具有前瞻性。生活意义预测了较低的横断痛苦。宗教信仰预测了更大的痛苦。生活意义和社会支持部分削弱了受大流行影响与痛苦之间的联系，而宗教信仰和科学态度则加强了这种联系。唯一显著的东西德差异是宗教信仰，西德的宗教信仰更高。
社会资源在适应大流行方面似乎尤为重要。确定的预测因素可能为干预提供信息。东德和西德人的相似性可能表明，他们战后的分离没有在调查因素中造成持久的差异。
