Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.
J Dent Res. 2023 Dec;102(13):1425-1433. doi: 10.1177/00220345231198185. Epub 2023 Oct 20.
Calcium silicate (C3S) cements are available in kits that do not account for patients' specific needs or clinicians' preferences regarding setting time, radiopacity, mechanical, and handling properties. Moreover, slight variations in powder components and liquid content affect cement's properties and bioactivity. Unfortunately, it is virtually impossible to optimize several cement properties simultaneously via the traditional "one variable at a time" strategy, as inputs often induce trade-offs in properties (e.g., a higher water-to-powder ratio [W/P] increases flowability but decreases mechanical properties). Herein, we used Taguchi's methods and genetic algorithms (GAs) to simultaneously analyze the effect of multiple inputs (e.g., powder composition, radiopacifier concentration, and W/P) on setting time, pH, flowability, diametral tensile strength, and radiopacity, as well as prescribe recipes to produce cements with predicted properties. The properties of cements designed with GAs were experimentally tested, and the results matched the predictions. Finally, we show that the cements increased the genetic expression of odonto/osteogenic genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization potential of dental pulp stem cells. Hence, GAs can produce cements with tailor-made properties and differentiation potential for personalized endodontic treatment.
硅酸钙（C3S）水泥有试剂盒供应，但这些试剂盒并不能满足患者对凝固时间、射线不透性、机械性能和操作性能的具体需求，也无法满足临床医生的偏好。此外，粉末成分和液体含量的细微变化会影响水泥的性能和生物活性。不幸的是，通过传统的“逐个变量”策略几乎不可能同时优化几种水泥性能，因为输入往往会导致性能上的权衡（例如，较高的水与粉比[W/P]会增加流动性，但会降低机械性能）。在此，我们使用田口方法和遗传算法（GA）同时分析多个输入（例如，粉末成分、射线不透性增强剂浓度和 W/P）对凝固时间、pH 值、流动性、直径拉伸强度和射线不透性的影响，并规定了生产具有预测性能的水泥的配方。通过实验测试了使用 GA 设计的水泥的性能，结果与预测相符。最后，我们表明，这些水泥增加了牙髓干细胞的牙原/成骨基因表达、碱性磷酸酶活性和矿化潜能。因此，GA 可以生产出具有定制性能和分化潜力的水泥，用于个性化牙髓治疗。
