da Silva Bruna Santos, Grevet Eugenio Horacio, Silva Luiza Carolina Fagundes, Ramos João Kleber Neves, Rovaris Diego Luiz, Bau Claiton Henrique Dotto
ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Department of Genetics and Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Discov Ment Health. 2023 Jan 5;3(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s44192-022-00030-1.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, which leads to impairments in the social, academic, and professional contexts. ADHD diagnosis relies solely on clinical assessment based on symptom evaluation and is sometimes challenging due to the substantial heterogeneity of the disorder in terms of clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Despite the difficulties imposed by the high complexity of ADHD etiology, the growing body of research and technological advances provide good perspectives for understanding the neurobiology of the disorder. Such knowledge is essential to refining diagnosis and identifying new therapeutic options to optimize treatment outcomes and associated impairments, leading to improvements in all domains of patient care. This review is intended to be an updated outline that addresses the etiological and neurobiological aspects of ADHD and its treatment, considering the impact of the "omics" era on disentangling the multifactorial architecture of ADHD.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的精神疾病，其特征为存在与发育水平不相称的注意力不集中和/或多动/冲动症状，这会导致患者在社交、学业和职业方面出现功能损害。ADHD的诊断完全依赖基于症状评估的临床诊断，并且由于该疾病在临床和病理生理方面存在很大的异质性，有时诊断具有挑战性。尽管ADHD病因高度复杂带来了困难，但越来越多的研究和技术进步为理解该疾病的神经生物学提供了良好的前景。这些知识对于完善诊断和确定新的治疗方案以优化治疗效果及相关功能损害至关重要，从而改善患者护理的各个方面。本综述旨在成为一份最新的概述，探讨ADHD的病因和神经生物学方面及其治疗，同时考虑“组学”时代对解开ADHD多因素结构的影响。
