Spoon Katie, LaBerge Nicholas, Wapman K Hunter, Zhang Sam, Morgan Allison C, Galesic Mirta, Fosdick Bailey K, Larremore Daniel B, Clauset Aaron
Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Sci Adv. 2023 Oct 20;9(42):eadi2205. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2205.
Women remain underrepresented among faculty in nearly all academic fields. Using a census of 245,270 tenure-track and tenured professors at United States-based PhD-granting departments, we show that women leave academia overall at higher rates than men at every career age, in large part because of strongly gendered attrition at lower-prestige institutions, in non-STEM fields, and among tenured faculty. A large-scale survey of the same faculty indicates that the reasons faculty leave are gendered, even for institutions, fields, and career ages in which retention rates are not. Women are more likely than men to feel pushed from their jobs and less likely to feel pulled toward better opportunities, and women leave or consider leaving because of workplace climate more often than work-life balance. These results quantify the systemic nature of gendered faculty retention; contextualize its relationship with career age, institutional prestige, and field; and highlight the importance of understanding the gendered reasons for attrition rather than focusing on rates alone.
在几乎所有学术领域中，女性在教员队伍中的占比仍然较低。通过对美国授予博士学位的院系中245,270名终身教职和已获终身教职的教授进行普查，我们发现，在每个职业年龄段，女性整体离开学术界的比例都高于男性，这在很大程度上是由于在声望较低的机构、非STEM领域以及终身教职教员中存在严重的性别差异导致的人员流失。对同一批教员进行的大规模调查表明，教员离职的原因存在性别差异，即使是在留存率没有性别差异的机构、领域和职业年龄段也是如此。女性比男性更有可能感觉是被工作所迫，而被更好机会吸引的可能性较小，并且女性因工作环境而离开或考虑离开的情况比因工作与生活平衡的情况更为频繁。这些结果量化了教员留用方面性别差异的系统性本质；将其与职业年龄、机构声望和领域的关系置于背景中；并强调了理解人员流失的性别化原因而非仅关注流失率的重要性。
