Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China.
Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Jan 1;340(Pt 2):122762. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122762. Epub 2023 Oct 18.
Ammonia is a prevalent pollutant in aquaculture systems that poses a risk to shrimp health. The shrimp's intestine plays a crucial role in immunity and metabolism. Therefore, we exposed Litopenaeus vannamei to 2 mg/L ammonia-N stress for a duration of 7 days, and explored the alterations in intestinal tissue morphology, physiological status, microbial community, and metabolic function. The findings revealed that ammonia stress led to a decrease in shrimp survival rates and inflicted damage to the intestinal mucosa, resulting in epithelial exfoliation. The mRNA relative expression levels of oxidative stress genes (Nrf2 and SOD) were elevated, while the level of GPx was decreased. Additionally, there was an increase in the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress genes (Bip, IRE1 and XBP1), inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB and JNK), and apoptosis mediators (CytC and Casp-3) were increased. Ammonia stress also caused a decline in intestinal microbial diversity and significant variations in the bacterial community composition, including Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Faecalibacterium, Nautella, Pseudoalteromonas, Tenacibaculum, and Weissella. Furthermore, ammonia stress disrupted the intestinal metabolic function, particularly affecting pyrimidine, purine, amino acid, and alkaloid metabolism. These results revealed that 2 mg/L ammonia-N stress damaged the intestinal health of the shrimp by damaging mucosal integrity, affecting physiological homeostasis, causing microbial community and metabolic variation, which are related to the decreased survival of the shrimp and should be paid attention to in shrimp farming.
氨是水产养殖系统中一种普遍的污染物，对虾类健康构成威胁。虾的肠道在免疫和代谢方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，我们将凡纳滨对虾暴露于 2mg/L 的氨氮胁迫下 7 天，探讨了肠道组织形态、生理状态、微生物群落和代谢功能的变化。研究结果表明，氨胁迫导致虾类存活率下降，肠道黏膜受损，上皮细胞脱落。氧化应激基因（Nrf2 和 SOD）的 mRNA 相对表达水平升高，而 GPx 水平降低。此外，内质网应激基因（Bip、IRE1 和 XBP1）、炎症细胞因子（NF-κB 和 JNK）和凋亡介质（CytC 和 Casp-3）的水平也升高。氨胁迫还降低了肠道微生物多样性，并显著改变了细菌群落组成，包括拟杆菌属、肠球菌属、粪杆菌属、瑙特氏菌属、假交替单胞菌属、坚韧杆菌属和魏斯氏菌属。此外，氨胁迫破坏了肠道代谢功能，特别是嘧啶、嘌呤、氨基酸和生物碱代谢。这些结果表明，2mg/L 的氨氮胁迫通过破坏黏膜完整性、影响生理稳态、引起微生物群落和代谢变化来损害虾类的肠道健康，这与虾类存活率下降有关，在虾类养殖中应予以重视。
