Ettenberg A, Camp C H
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1986 Oct;25(4):813-21. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(86)90392-8.
The hypothesis that dopamine antagonist drugs attenuate the reinforcing properties of food was investigated in hungry rats trained to traverse a straight runway for food reward. Testing consisted of a single trial per day during which latencies to leave the start box and to traverse the alley were recorded. In each experiment, a reinforcement phase lasting 30 consecutive days was immediately followed by a 21 day extinction phase. The runway responses of animals that experienced intermittent food reward during the reinforcement phase of the experiments, was later found to be more resistant to extinction than those of continuously reinforced animals. This "partial reinforcement extinction effect" (PREE) was also observed in animals that experienced periodic reductions in the quantity, but not quality, of food reward. Intermittent pretreatment with 0.15 mg/kg of haloperidol during the reinforcement phase produced a PREE that was indistinguishable from that produced by reward omission on those same trials. Control groups for motor debilitation and for non-associative drug effects did not demonstrate a PREE. These results are consistent with the view that central dopamine substrates play a role in the neural basis of food reward.
在饥饿的大鼠中研究了多巴胺拮抗剂药物减弱食物强化特性的假说，这些大鼠经过训练，要穿过一条直跑道以获取食物奖励。测试包括每天进行一次试验，在此期间记录离开起始箱和穿过通道的潜伏期。在每个实验中，持续30天的强化阶段之后紧接着是21天的消退阶段。后来发现，在实验强化阶段经历间歇性食物奖励的动物的跑道反应比持续强化的动物更不易消退。在经历食物奖励量（而非质量）周期性减少的动物中也观察到了这种“部分强化消退效应”（PREE）。在强化阶段用0.15mg/kg氟哌啶醇进行间歇性预处理产生的PREE与在相同试验中因奖励缺失产生的PREE没有区别。运动功能减退和非联合药物效应的对照组未表现出PREE。这些结果与中枢多巴胺底物在食物奖励的神经基础中起作用的观点一致。
