Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Nov;30(53):114625-114645. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30353-7. Epub 2023 Oct 21.
In this study, TiO nanoparticle (TiONP)-coated film was produced to protect manuscripts against microorganisms using ecofriendly benign materials. As a result, a simple method was created that uses poultice biofilm made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Phytagel plant cell (PGP) loaded with TiONPs to preserve manuscripts against microbes in an environmentally responsible way. Three volumes (1, 2, 4 mL) of TiONPs were put into a biofilm combination to produce the poultices known as CMC/PGP/TiO-1, CMC/PGP/TiO-2, and CMC/PGP/TiO-3. The synthesized TiONPs were nearly spherical in shape, small in size (98 nm), and stable (zeta potential value - 33 mV). The results showed that the unique deposition of TiONPs on the biofilm surface gave the produced films loaded with TiONPs a rough structure. The highest values of mechanical characteristics were determined to be in CMC/PGP/TiO-1 with values of 25.4 g, 6.6 MPa, and 11.4%, for tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength, respectively. Based on molecular identification, the fungus Aspergillus sydowii and the bacterium Nevskia terrae, with accession numbers MG991624 and AB806800, respectively, were isolated and identified from an antiquated manuscript formed from cellulosic fibers. Before the experiments, the produced cotton paper samples were aged, and then, one group was infected for 6 months by A. sydowii and the second group with N. terrae. Following the preparation of a CMC/PGP biofilm loaded with various volumes of TiONPs, poultices were applied to infected cotton paper in order to clean it. The infected cotton paper was placed inside the sandwich-like poultices that were created. The poultice CMC/PGP/TiO-2 demonstrated potential for preventing the growth of A. sydowii and N. terrae-infected cotton paper, when the fibers were saved, cleaned, and coated with CMC/PGP/TiO-2 after absorbing the fungus and the bacterium and exhibiting exceptional antimicrobial activities. Finally, the novel biofilms have demonstrated their capacity to lessen microbial contamination of cotton paper. In order to generalize the usage of these poultices, it is also advised that they be produced on a large scale and tested on a variety of organic materials in the future.
在这项研究中，使用环保良性材料制备了 TiO 纳米颗粒（TiONP）涂层薄膜，以保护手稿免受微生物侵害。结果，开发了一种简单的方法，使用负载有 TiONP 的羧甲基纤维素（CMC）和 Phytagel 植物胶（PGP）制成的糊剂生物膜来以对环境负责的方式保护手稿免受微生物侵害。将三种体积（1、2、4 mL）的 TiONP 加入生物膜组合中，制成 CMC/PGP/TiO-1、CMC/PGP/TiO-2 和 CMC/PGP/TiO-3 糊剂。合成的 TiONP 呈近球形，尺寸小（98nm）且稳定（zeta 电位值为-33 mV）。结果表明，TiONP 独特地沉积在生物膜表面上，使负载 TiONP 的薄膜具有粗糙的结构。CMC/PGP/TiO-1 的机械性能最高，拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度分别为 25.4 g、6.6 MPa 和 11.4%。基于分子鉴定，从纤维素纤维形成的古老手稿中分离出真菌 Aspergillus sydowii 和细菌 Nevskia terrae，其登录号分别为 MG991624 和 AB806800。在实验之前，制备的棉纸样本已经老化，然后一组用 A. sydowii 感染 6 个月，另一组用 N. terrae 感染。制备负载有各种体积 TiONP 的 CMC/PGP 生物膜后，将糊剂涂在感染的棉纸上以进行清洁。将感染的棉纸放在三明治状糊剂中，然后将其放入糊剂中。当吸收真菌和细菌并表现出优异的抗菌活性后，CMC/PGP/TiO-2 糊剂可以保护纤维并清洁、涂覆 CMC/PGP/TiO-2 的受感染的棉纸。最后，新型生物膜证明了它们减轻棉纸微生物污染的能力。为了推广这些糊剂的使用，建议将来在大规模生产的基础上，在各种有机材料上进行测试。
