Department of Urology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania;
Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2023 Jul-Sep;64(3):291-304. doi: 10.47162/RJME.64.3.01.
This review aimed to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on skin health to establish a classification of the skin lesions that occur most frequently during the disease and whether a particular category of skin damage is more likely to occur both in the short term and in the long term.
We conducted a literature search of the PubMed database. Ultimately, 109 articles were included in this review. The exact phrases∕syntax and connectors used for the database search∕query were as follows: "Coronavirus and skin", "COVID-19 and skin", "SARS-CoV-2 and skin", "Coronavirus cutaneous manifestations", "COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations", "SARS-CoV-2 cutaneous manifestations", "Coronavirus dermatology", "SARS-CoV-2 and dermatology", "COVID-19 and dermatology", "COVID-19 and skin eruption", "Coronavirus and skin rash", "COVID-19 and hair", "Coronavirus and hair", "Coronavirus and nails", "SARS-CoV-2 and hair", and "SARS-CoV-2 and nails". Only articles with abstracts referring strictly to cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 were chosen. Articles without abstracts were not considered.
We established six of the most frequently reported clinical patterns associated with COVID-19 and their probability of occurring during COVID-19 disease evolution based on the current literature reports. We did not identify the particular types of skin lesions that are most prone to long-term persistence; most such cases are rare, and no conclusion can be drawn based on them.
Apart from classified COVID-19-related skin disorders, this pandemic has been a challenge for dermatologists and a wide range of cutaneous side effects related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) treatments have been reported. We are aware of other polymorphic clinical presentations, with novel data being reported periodically, but the pathophysiological mechanisms and evolution are largely unknown.
本综述旨在评估 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）对皮肤健康的影响，建立疾病过程中最常发生的皮肤病变分类，以及是否有特定类别的皮肤损伤更有可能在短期和长期内发生。
我们对 PubMed 数据库进行了文献检索。最终，有 109 篇文章被纳入本综述。数据库检索/查询中使用的确切短语/语法和连接词如下：“冠状病毒和皮肤”、“COVID-19 和皮肤”、“SARS-CoV-2 和皮肤”、“冠状病毒皮肤表现”、“COVID-19 皮肤表现”、“SARS-CoV-2 皮肤表现”、“冠状病毒皮肤病学”、“SARS-CoV-2 和皮肤病学”、“COVID-19 和皮肤病学”、“COVID-19 和皮肤疹”、“冠状病毒和皮疹”、“COVID-19 和头发”、“冠状病毒和头发”、“冠状病毒和指甲”、“SARS-CoV-2 和头发”和“SARS-CoV-2 和指甲”。仅选择了那些摘要严格提及 COVID-19 皮肤表现的文章。没有摘要的文章未被考虑。
根据目前的文献报告，我们确定了与 COVID-19 相关的六种最常报告的临床模式及其在 COVID-19 疾病演变过程中的发生概率。我们没有确定最容易长期持续存在的特定类型的皮肤损伤；大多数此类病例较为罕见，无法根据它们得出结论。
除了分类的 COVID-19 相关皮肤疾病外，这场大流行对皮肤科医生来说也是一个挑战，并且已经报道了与严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）治疗相关的广泛的皮肤副作用。我们知道其他多态性临床表现，定期有新数据报告，但病理生理机制和演变在很大程度上是未知的。
