病毒、变种与疫苗：新冠疫情如何改变我们对皮肤的看法。
Viruses, Variants, and Vaccines: How COVID-19 Has Changed the Way We Look at Skin.
作者信息
Singh Rhea, Freeman Esther E
机构信息
Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA.
出版信息
Curr Dermatol Rep. 2022;11(4):289-312. doi: 10.1007/s13671-022-00370-9. Epub 2022 Oct 17.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review aims to evaluate the spectrum of cutaneous reactions after both SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination while simultaneously understanding the evolution of the field of dermatology in the face of an ongoing pandemic.
RECENT FINDINGS
The most commonly reported cutaneous reactions after COVID-19 infection in the literature to date include morbilliform or maculopapular rashes, chilblains, and urticaria. The incidence of cutaneous reactions after COVID-19 vaccination was 9% in larger cohort studies and more commonly occurred after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines than adenovirus vector vaccines. The most frequently reported cutaneous reactions after COVID-19 vaccines were delayed large local reactions, local injection site reactions, urticarial eruptions, and morbilliform eruptions.
SUMMARY
With the ongoing pandemic, and continued development of new COVID-19 variants and vaccines, the landscape of cutaneous reactions continues to rapidly evolve. Dermatologists have an important role in evaluating skin manifestations of the virus, as well as discussion and promoting COVID-19 vaccination for their patients.
综述目的
本综述旨在评估新型冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染和新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫苗接种后的皮肤反应谱，同时了解在持续的大流行背景下皮肤病学领域的发展情况。
最新发现
迄今为止，文献中报道的新型冠状病毒肺炎感染后最常见的皮肤反应包括麻疹样或斑丘疹、冻疮和荨麻疹。在较大规模的队列研究中，新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗接种后的皮肤反应发生率为9%，且在基于信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗接种后比腺病毒载体疫苗更常见。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗接种后最常报告的皮肤反应是延迟性局部大反应、局部注射部位反应、荨麻疹样皮疹和麻疹样皮疹。
总结
随着大流行的持续，以及新型冠状病毒肺炎新变种和疫苗的不断发展演变，皮肤反应的情况也在迅速变化。皮肤科医生在评估病毒的皮肤表现以及为患者讨论和推广新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗接种方面发挥着重要作用。
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