Golzardi Maryam, Hromić-Jahjefendić Altijana, Šutković Jasmin, Aydin Orkun, Ünal-Aydın Pinar, Bećirević Tea, Redwan Elrashdy M, Rubio-Casillas Alberto, Uversky Vladimir N
Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Biomedicines. 2024 Apr 20;12(4):913. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12040913.
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a complicated disease that affects millions of people all over the world. Previous studies have shown that PASC impacts 10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients of which 50-70% are hospitalised. It has also been shown that 10-12% of those vaccinated against COVID-19 were affected by PASC and its complications. The severity and the later development of PASC symptoms are positively associated with the early intensity of the infection.
The generated health complications caused by PASC involve a vast variety of organ systems. Patients affected by PASC have been diagnosed with neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms. The cardiovascular system also has been involved and several diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and coronary artery diseases were reported. Chronic hematological problems such as thrombotic endothelialitis and hypercoagulability were described as conditions that could increase the risk of clotting disorders and coagulopathy in PASC patients. Chest pain, breathlessness, and cough in PASC patients were associated with the respiratory system in long-COVID causing respiratory distress syndrome. The observed immune complications were notable, involving several diseases. The renal system also was impacted, which resulted in raising the risk of diseases such as thrombotic issues, fibrosis, and sepsis. Endocrine gland malfunction can lead to diabetes, thyroiditis, and male infertility. Symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, and taste were also among reported observations due to several gastrointestinal disorders. Skin abnormalities might be an indication of infection and long-term implications such as persistent cutaneous complaints linked to PASC.
Long-COVID is a multidimensional syndrome with considerable public health implications, affecting several physiological systems and demanding thorough medical therapy, and more study to address its underlying causes and long-term effects is needed.
新型冠状病毒感染后的急性后遗症（PASC）是一种复杂疾病，影响着全球数百万人。先前的研究表明，PASC影响10%的新型冠状病毒感染患者，其中50-70%需要住院治疗。研究还表明，10-12%接种新冠疫苗的人受到PASC及其并发症的影响。PASC症状的严重程度和后期发展与感染初期的强度呈正相关。
PASC引发的健康并发症涉及多种器官系统。受PASC影响的患者被诊断出患有神经精神和神经症状。心血管系统也受到影响，报告了心肌炎、心包炎和冠状动脉疾病等几种疾病。慢性血液学问题，如血栓性血管炎和高凝状态，被描述为可能增加PASC患者凝血障碍和凝血病风险的情况。PASC患者的胸痛、呼吸急促和咳嗽与导致呼吸窘迫综合征的长期新冠的呼吸系统有关。观察到的免疫并发症值得注意，涉及多种疾病。肾脏系统也受到影响，这增加了血栓形成、纤维化和败血症等疾病的风险。内分泌腺功能障碍可导致糖尿病、甲状腺炎和男性不育。由于多种胃肠道疾病，腹泻、恶心、食欲不振和味觉异常等症状也在报告的观察结果中。皮肤异常可能是感染的迹象以及与PASC相关的长期影响，如持续性皮肤问题。
长期新冠是一种具有重大公共卫生影响的多维度综合征，影响多个生理系统，需要全面的医学治疗，并且需要更多研究来解决其根本原因和长期影响。
