Fernández-Melero Belén, Martín-Sanz Alberto, Del Moral Lidia, Pérez-Vich Begoña, Velasco Leonardo
Department of Plant Breeding, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain.
Syngenta España S.A., Carmona, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Oct 6;14:1236511. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236511. eCollection 2023.
The sunflower broomrape ( Wallr.) gene pools of the Guadalquivir Valley and Cuenca province in Spain had predominantly race-F virulence. A new race G was observed recently in the Guadalquivir Valley potentially due to the genetic recombination of the avirulence genes of both gene pools.
In this research, we have studied populations with atypical virulence from Cuenca. These populations parasitize on DEB2 sunflower line, resistant to all race-G populations evaluated. Ten populations collected in Cuenca province were evaluated with sunflower differential lines and genotyped with 67 SNP markers.
Although genetic recombination with individuals of the Guadalquivir Valley gene pool has been observed in most populations, recombination of avirulence genes was discarded as the cause of the new virulence because the population with the highest degree of attack on DEB2 showed no introgression from an external gene pool. Accordingly, a point mutation is proposed as the putative cause of the new virulence.
The present study provided a detailed characterization of each population, including the accurate classification of the individuals belonging to each of the classical Spanish gene pools, F1 hybrids, and those that evolved from hybridization between both gene pools. This information is essential to understand how sunflower broomrape populations are evolving in Spain, which in turn may be helpful to understand the dynamics of sunflower broomrape populations in other areas of the world and use this information to develop durable strategies for resistance breeding.
西班牙瓜达尔基维尔河谷和昆卡省的向日葵列当（Wallr.）基因库主要具有F小种毒力。最近在瓜达尔基维尔河谷观察到一个新的G小种，这可能是由于两个基因库的无毒基因发生了基因重组。
在本研究中，我们对昆卡具有非典型毒力的种群进行了研究。这些种群寄生于对所有评估的G小种种群均具有抗性的DEB2向日葵品系。用向日葵鉴别品系对在昆卡省收集的10个种群进行了评估，并用67个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记进行了基因分型。
尽管在大多数种群中都观察到了与瓜达尔基维尔河谷基因库个体的基因重组，但无毒基因的重组被排除是新毒力产生的原因，因为对DEB2攻击程度最高的种群没有外来基因库渗入的迹象。因此，推测新毒力的原因是一个点突变。
本研究对每个种群进行了详细的特征描述，包括准确分类属于西班牙每个经典基因库的个体、F1杂种以及那些由两个基因库杂交进化而来的个体。这些信息对于了解西班牙向日葵列当种群的进化方式至关重要，这反过来可能有助于理解世界其他地区向日葵列当种群的动态，并利用这些信息制定持久的抗性育种策略。
