Pham Duy Le, Le Kieu-Minh, Truong Diem D K, Le Huyen T T, Trinh Tu H K
Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Front Allergy. 2023 Oct 6;4:1229238. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1229238. eCollection 2023.
Asthma is a prevalent non-communicable disease that affects both children and adults. Many patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma could not achieve total control despite using anti-asthmatic drugs. There is increasing evidence that allergy to environmental allergens, including both indoor and outdoor allergens, is associated with asthma symptoms and severe asthma. Frequently reported sensitized allergens were dust mites, cockroaches, grass pollens, molds, pets, and rodents in allergic asthma patients, although the patterns of widespread allergens differed from each country. Allergen avoidance is the cornerstone of asthma management, especially in sensitized subjects. This review summarizes environmental allergen avoidance and clarifies their effects on asthma control. Despite contrasting results about the impact of allergen exposure reduction on asthma control, several studies supported the beneficial effects of reducing asthma-related symptoms or risk of exacerbations as a nondrug therapy. Identifying environmental allergens is helpful for asthma patients, and further studies on clinically effective avoidance methods are required.
哮喘是一种影响儿童和成人的常见非传染性疾病。许多重度、未得到控制的哮喘患者尽管使用了抗哮喘药物，仍无法实现完全控制。越来越多的证据表明，对环境过敏原（包括室内和室外过敏原）过敏与哮喘症状及重度哮喘有关。在过敏性哮喘患者中，经常报告的致敏过敏原是尘螨、蟑螂、草花粉、霉菌、宠物和啮齿动物，尽管不同国家广泛存在的过敏原模式有所不同。避免接触过敏原是哮喘管理的基石，尤其是在致敏个体中。本综述总结了避免接触环境过敏原的方法，并阐明了它们对哮喘控制的影响。尽管关于减少过敏原暴露对哮喘控制的影响结果存在差异，但一些研究支持将减少哮喘相关症状或加重风险作为一种非药物疗法的有益效果。识别环境过敏原对哮喘患者有帮助，并且需要对临床上有效的避免方法进行进一步研究。
