Sandoval-Ruiz Rebeca, Grabau Zane J
Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
J Nematol. 2023 Oct 21;55(1):20230041. doi: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0041. eCollection 2023 Feb.
(reniform nematode, RN) is among the most important nematodes affecting cotton. Cultural practices, such as rotation and soil amendment, are established methods for managing RN. Management may be enhanced if crop residue has biofumigant properties against RN. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of winter crop amendments for managing RN in the greenhouse. Reniform nematode-infested soil was amended with dry or fresh organic matter (OM, 2% w/w) from winter crops - canola, carinata, hairy vetch, oat, or no crop. Cotton was subsequently grown in this soil. Independent of the crop, dry OM amendments were more effective than no amendment at managing RN, while fresh OM amendments were not. Soil and root RN abundances and reproduction factors were generally lower in Trials 1 and 3 for dry OM than fresh OM amendments or control without OM. In Trial 2, none of the OM treatments reduced RN parameters compared with no OM control. In general, when compared to plants without RN or OM, RN did not produce significant changes in growth parameters but did affect physiology (Soil Plant Analysis Development, or SPAD, values). In conclusion, dry OM amendments can help manage RN, crop growth does not always relate to RN abundances, and SPAD values could help indicate RN presence.
肾形线虫（RN）是影响棉花的最重要线虫之一。轮作和土壤改良等栽培措施是管理肾形线虫的既定方法。如果作物残体具有抗肾形线虫的生物熏蒸特性，管理效果可能会得到增强。目的是评估冬季作物改良措施在温室中管理肾形线虫的效果。用冬季作物（油菜、角果毛茛、毛苕子、燕麦）的干或鲜有机物质（OM，2% w/w）或不种植作物对受肾形线虫侵染的土壤进行改良。随后在这种土壤中种植棉花。与作物无关，干有机物质改良措施在管理肾形线虫方面比不改良更有效，而鲜有机物质改良措施则不然。在试验1和试验3中，干有机物质处理的土壤和根系中肾形线虫的丰度及繁殖系数通常低于鲜有机物质处理或无有机物质的对照。在试验2中，与无有机物质对照相比，没有一种有机物质处理能降低肾形线虫参数。总体而言，与没有肾形线虫或有机物质的植株相比，肾形线虫对生长参数没有产生显著变化，但确实影响了生理指标（土壤植物分析发展指数，即SPAD值）。总之，干有机物质改良措施有助于管理肾形线虫，作物生长并不总是与肾形线虫丰度相关，SPAD值有助于指示肾形线虫的存在。
