Berendzen Kristen M
Department of Psychiatry and Biological Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Front Neurol. 2023 Oct 5;14:1247480. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1247480. eCollection 2023.
The representation and demonstration of human values are intimately tied to our status as a social species. Humans are relatively unique in our ability to form enduring social attachments, characterized by the development of a selective bond that persists over time. Such relationships include the bonds between parents and offspring, pair bonds between partners and other affiliative contacts, in addition to group relationships to which we may form direct and symbolic affiliations. Many of the cognitive and behavioral processes thought to be linked to our capacity for social attachment-including consolation, empathy, and social motivation, and the implicated neural circuits mediating these constructs, are shared with those thought to be important for the representation of prosocial values. This perspective piece will examine the hypothesis that our ability to form such long-term bonds may play an essential role in the construction of human values and ethical systems, and that components of prosocial behaviors are shared across species. Humans are one of a few species that form such long-term and exclusive attachments and our understanding of the neurobiology underlying attachment behavior has been advanced by studying behavior in non-human animals. The overlap in behavioral and affective constructs underlying attachment behavior and value representation is discussed, followed by evidence from other species that demonstrate attachment behavior that supports the overlapping neurobiological basis for social bonds and prosocial behavior. The understanding of attachment biology has broad implications for human health as well as for understanding the basis for and variations in prosocial behavior.
人类价值观的呈现与展示和我们作为社会物种的身份紧密相连。人类在形成持久社会依恋关系的能力方面相对独特，这种关系的特点是随着时间推移发展出一种选择性的纽带。此类关系包括亲子之间的纽带、伴侣之间的配对关系以及其他亲和联系，此外还包括我们可能形成直接和象征性归属的群体关系。许多被认为与我们的社会依恋能力相关的认知和行为过程——包括安慰、同理心和社会动机，以及介导这些结构的相关神经回路，都与那些被认为对亲社会价值观的呈现很重要的过程相同。这篇观点文章将探讨这样一种假设，即我们形成这种长期纽带的能力可能在人类价值观和道德体系的构建中发挥重要作用，并且亲社会行为的组成部分在物种间是共有的。人类是少数形成这种长期且排他性依恋关系的物种之一，通过研究非人类动物的行为，我们对依恋行为背后的神经生物学的理解有了进展。本文将讨论依恋行为和价值呈现背后的行为与情感结构的重叠之处，随后展示来自其他物种的证据，这些证据证明了依恋行为，支持了社会纽带和亲社会行为重叠的神经生物学基础。对依恋生物学的理解对人类健康以及理解亲社会行为的基础和变化具有广泛的意义。
