Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel, Maastricht, 50 6229ER, The Netherlands.
Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
Fluids Barriers CNS. 2023 Oct 24;20(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s12987-023-00477-6.
The brain is a highly metabolically active organ requiring a large amount of glucose. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a by-product of glucose metabolism, is known to be involved in microvascular dysfunction and is associated with reduced cognitive function. Maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential to maintain optimal brain function and a large amount of evidence indicates negative effects of MGO on BBB integrity. In this review, we summarized the current literature on the effect of MGO on the different cell types forming the BBB. BBB damage by MGO most likely occurs in brain endothelial cells and mural cells, while astrocytes are most resistant to MGO. Microglia on the other hand appear to be not directly influenced by MGO but rather produce MGO upon activation. Although there is clear evidence that MGO affects components of the BBB, the impact of MGO on the BBB as a multicellular system warrants further investigation. Diminishing MGO stress can potentially form the basis for new treatment strategies for maintaining optimal brain function.
大脑是一个高度代谢活跃的器官，需要大量的葡萄糖。甲基乙二醛（MGO）是葡萄糖代谢的副产物，已知与微血管功能障碍有关，并与认知功能下降有关。维持血脑屏障（BBB）对于维持最佳的大脑功能至关重要，大量证据表明 MGO 对 BBB 完整性有负面影响。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于 MGO 对形成 BBB 的不同细胞类型的影响的文献。MGO 对 BBB 的损伤最可能发生在脑内皮细胞和壁细胞中，而星形胶质细胞对 MGO 的抵抗力最强。另一方面，小胶质细胞似乎不受 MGO 的直接影响，而是在激活时产生 MGO。虽然有明确的证据表明 MGO 会影响 BBB 的组成部分，但 MGO 对作为多细胞系统的 BBB 的影响还需要进一步研究。减少 MGO 应激可能为维持最佳大脑功能的新治疗策略奠定基础。
