University of Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2024 Apr;39(7-8):1373-1397. doi: 10.1177/08862605231207618. Epub 2023 Oct 26.
Sexual and gender minorities assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) experience high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), with negative effects on health and well-being. Disclosure of and help-seeking for IPV can support the well-being of IPV survivors, yet are understudied among SGM-AFAB people. To better understand the IPV disclosure and help-seeking experiences in this population, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 41 SGM-AFAB young adults who experienced physical, sexual, or severe psychological IPV. Qualitative analyses explored to whom SGM-AFAB disclosed IPV, barriers to disclosure/help-seeking, the types of responses received, and perceived helpfulness of responses. Exploratory mixed methods analyses assessed frequency of code endorsement, demographic differences, and associations among codes. Three-quarters of participants disclosed IPV, though rates were lower for sexual and physical than psychological IPV and very few sought help from formal sources. The most common barriers to disclosure were not viewing the IPV as abuse and anticipation of negative responses, often due to stigma; other participants described inability to access formal help and concerns about SGM incompetence in those services. Most actual responses received were considered helpful, including emotional support, labeling the IPV as unhealthy, nonjudgmental listening, actions to stop the IPV, and practical support. Minimizing IPV or criticizing the victim was common unhelpful response; advice to end the relationship was considered helpful and unhelpful. Whereas 92% of friend responses were described as helpful, around half of family (56%) and therapist (62%) responses were helpful. Findings suggest that efforts to increase access to culturally affirmative services and educate SGM youth to recognize IPV in their relationships may help promote help-seeking and well-being among SGM-AFAB IPV survivors.
出生时被指定为女性的性少数群体和跨性别女性（SGM-AFAB）经历亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的比率很高，这对他们的健康和幸福有负面影响。IPV 的披露和寻求帮助可以支持 IPV 幸存者的幸福感，但在 SGM-AFAB 人群中研究不足。为了更好地了解这一人群的 IPV 披露和寻求帮助的经历，我们对 41 名经历过身体、性或严重心理 IPV 的 SGM-AFAB 年轻成年人进行了半结构化访谈。定性分析探讨了 SGM-AFAB 向谁披露了 IPV、披露/寻求帮助的障碍、收到的回应类型以及对回应的感知有用性。探索性混合方法分析评估了代码认可的频率、人口统计学差异以及代码之间的关联。四分之三的参与者披露了 IPV，但性和身体 IPV 的披露率低于心理 IPV，很少有人向正式来源寻求帮助。披露的最常见障碍是不将 IPV 视为虐待，以及对负面反应的预期，这通常是由于耻辱感造成的；其他参与者描述了无法获得正式帮助以及对这些服务中 SGM 能力不足的担忧。大多数实际收到的回应被认为是有帮助的，包括情感支持、将 IPV 标记为不健康、非评判性倾听、采取行动停止 IPV 以及提供实际支持。最小化 IPV 或批评受害者是常见的无益回应；建议结束关系被认为是有帮助和无益的。虽然 92%的朋友回应被描述为有帮助，但大约一半的家庭（56%）和治疗师（62%）的回应是有帮助的。研究结果表明，努力增加对文化上肯定的服务的获取，并教育 SGM 青年认识到他们关系中的 IPV，可能有助于促进 SGM-AFAB IPV 幸存者的寻求帮助和幸福感。
