Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2023 Oct 3;12(10):18. doi: 10.1167/tvst.12.10.18.
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, currently affecting around 80 million people. Glaucoma prevalence is rapidly rising in the United States due to an aging population. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, significant disparities persist in disease detection, management, and outcomes among the diverse patient populations of the United States. Research on disparities is critical to identifying, understanding, and addressing societal and healthcare inequalities. Disparities research is especially important and impactful in the context of irreversible diseases such as glaucoma, where earlier detection and intervention are the primary approach to improving patient outcomes. In this article, we first review recent studies identifying disparities in glaucoma care that affect patient populations based on race, age, and gender. We then review studies elucidating and furthering our understanding of modifiable factors that contribute to these inequities, including socioeconomic status (particularly age and education), insurance product, and geographic region. Finally, we present work proposing potential strategies addressing disparities in glaucoma care, including teleophthalmology and artificial intelligence. We also discuss the presence of non-modifiable factors that contribute to differences in glaucoma burden and can confound the detection of glaucoma disparities.
By recognizing underlying causes and proposing potential solutions, healthcare providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders can work collaboratively to reduce the burden of glaucoma and improve visual health and clinical outcomes in vulnerable patient populations.
中文译文：
青光眼是全球范围内导致不可逆性失明的主要原因，目前影响全球约 8000 万人。由于人口老龄化，美国的青光眼患病率迅速上升。尽管近年来在青光眼的诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，但在美国不同患者群体中，在疾病检测、管理和结果方面仍然存在显著差异。关于差异的研究对于确定、理解和解决社会和医疗保健方面的不平等问题至关重要。在青光眼等不可逆转疾病的背景下，差异研究尤其重要和有影响力，因为早期发现和干预是改善患者预后的主要方法。在本文中，我们首先回顾了最近的研究，这些研究确定了影响基于种族、年龄和性别的患者群体的青光眼护理差异。然后，我们回顾了阐明和进一步了解导致这些不平等的可改变因素的研究，包括社会经济地位（特别是年龄和教育）、保险产品和地理位置。最后，我们提出了一些潜在策略来解决青光眼护理方面的差异，包括远程眼科和人工智能。我们还讨论了导致青光眼负担差异的不可改变因素，这些因素可能会影响青光眼差异的检测。
翻译说明：
原文中“UNLABELED”为“未加说明”，“disparities”为“差异”，“modifiable”为“可改变的”，“socioeconomic status”为“社会经济地位”，“burden”为“负担”。
原文中“United States”为“美国”，“United States”为“美国”。
为了更准确地传达原文的意思，对一些词汇进行了调整或增译，如“aging population”翻译为“人口老龄化”，“glaucoma care”翻译为“青光眼护理”，“potential strategies”翻译为“潜在策略”。
