Korczowska-Łącka Izabela, Słowikowski Bartosz, Piekut Thomas, Hurła Mikołaj, Banaszek Natalia, Szymanowicz Oliwia, Jagodziński Paweł P, Kozubski Wojciech, Permoda-Pachuta Agnieszka, Dorszewska Jolanta
Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Sep 29;12(10):1811. doi: 10.3390/antiox12101811.
In diseases of the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and even epilepsy and migraine, oxidative stress load commonly surpasses endogenous antioxidative capacity. While oxidative processes have been robustly implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the significance of particular antioxidants, both endogenous and especially exogenous, in maintaining redox homeostasis requires further research. Among endogenous antioxidants, enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase are central to disabling free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative damage to cellular lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Whether supplementation with endogenously occurring antioxidant compounds such as melatonin and glutathione carries any benefit, however, remains equivocal. Similarly, while the health benefits of certain exogenous antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotenoids, polyphenols, sulforaphanes, and anthocyanins are commonly touted, their clinical efficacy and effectiveness in particular neurological disease contexts need to be more robustly defined. Here, we review the current literature on the cellular mechanisms mitigating oxidative stress and comment on the possible benefit of the most common exogenous antioxidants in diseases such as AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, epilepsy, and migraine. We selected common neurological diseases of a basically neurodegenerative nature.
在中枢神经系统疾病中，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、中风、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）、亨廷顿舞蹈病（HD），甚至癫痫和偏头痛，氧化应激负荷通常超过内源性抗氧化能力。虽然氧化过程在这些疾病的发病机制中具有重要作用，但特定抗氧化剂（包括内源性抗氧化剂，尤其是外源性抗氧化剂）在维持氧化还原稳态中的意义仍需进一步研究。在内源性抗氧化剂中，过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶等酶对于清除自由基至关重要，从而防止细胞脂质、蛋白质和核酸受到氧化损伤。然而，补充内源性抗氧化化合物（如褪黑素和谷胱甘肽）是否有益仍不明确。同样，虽然某些外源性抗氧化剂（包括抗坏血酸（维生素C）、类胡萝卜素、多酚、萝卜硫素和花青素）对健康有益的说法很常见，但其在特定神经疾病背景下的临床疗效和效果仍需更明确地界定。在此，我们综述了当前关于减轻氧化应激的细胞机制的文献，并对最常见的外源性抗氧化剂在AD、PD、ALS、HD、中风、癫痫和偏头痛等疾病中的潜在益处进行了评论。我们选择了基本上具有神经退行性本质的常见神经疾病。
