Olufunmilayo Edward O, Gerke-Duncan Michelle B, Holsinger R M Damian
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan 5116, PMB, Nigeria.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Feb 18;12(2):517. doi: 10.3390/antiox12020517.
Neurodegenerative disorders constitute a substantial proportion of neurological diseases with significant public health importance. The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by a complex interplay of various general and disease-specific factors that lead to the end point of neuronal degeneration and loss, and the eventual clinical manifestations. Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between pro-oxidant species and antioxidant systems, characterized by an elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, and a reduction in the levels of endogenous antioxidants. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted oxidative stress and associated mitochondrial dysfunction to be important players in the pathophysiologic processes involved in neurodegenerative conditions. In this article, we review the current knowledge of the general effects of oxidative stress on the central nervous system, the different specific routes by which oxidative stress influences the pathophysiologic processes involved in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Huntington's disease, and how oxidative stress may be therapeutically reversed/mitigated in order to stall the pathological progression of these neurodegenerative disorders to bring about clinical benefits.
神经退行性疾病在具有重大公共卫生意义的神经系统疾病中占相当大的比例。神经退行性疾病的病理生理学特征是各种一般因素和疾病特异性因素之间复杂的相互作用，这些因素导致神经元变性和丧失的终点以及最终的临床表现。氧化应激是促氧化剂和抗氧化系统之间失衡的结果，其特征是活性氧和活性氮物质水平升高，内源性抗氧化剂水平降低。最近的研究越来越强调氧化应激和相关的线粒体功能障碍是神经退行性疾病病理生理过程中的重要因素。在本文中，我们综述了氧化应激对中枢神经系统的一般影响、氧化应激影响阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和亨廷顿病病理生理过程的不同具体途径，以及如何通过治疗逆转/减轻氧化应激以阻止这些神经退行性疾病的病理进展从而带来临床益处的现有知识。
