Dave Asim, Park Eun-Jung, Pezzuto John M
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Oct 1;12(10):1821. doi: 10.3390/antiox12101821.
As a whole food, the potential health benefits of table grapes have been widely studied. Some individual constituents have garnered great attention, particularly resveratrol, but normal quantities in the diet are meniscal. On the other hand, the grape contains hundreds of compounds, many of which have antioxidant potential. Nonetheless, the achievement of serum or tissue concentrations of grape antioxidants sufficient to mediate a direct quenching effect is not likely, which supports the idea of biological responses being mediated by an indirect catalytic-type response. We demonstrate herein with Hsd:ICR (CD-1 Outbred, 18-24 g, 3-4 weeks old, female) mice that supplementation of a semi-synthetic diet with a grape surrogate, equivalent to the human consumption of 2.5 servings per day for 12 months, modulates gene expression in the liver, kidney, colon, and ovary. As might be expected when sampling changes in a pool of over 35,000 genes, there are numerous functional implications. Analysis of some specific differentially expressed genes suggests the potential of grape consumption to bolster metabolic detoxification and regulation of reactive oxygen species in the liver, cellular metabolism, and anti-inflammatory activity in the ovary and kidney. In the colon, the data suggest anti-inflammatory activity, suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction, and maintaining homeostasis. Pathway analysis reveals a combination of up- and down-regulation in the target tissues, primarily up-regulated in the kidney and down-regulated in the ovary. More broadly, based on these data, it seems logical to conclude that grape consumption leads to modulation of gene expression throughout the body, the consequence of which may help to explain the broad array of activities demonstrated in diverse tissues such as the brain, heart, eye, bladder, and colon. In addition, this work further supports the profound impact of nutrigenomics on mammalian phenotypic expression.
作为一种天然食品，鲜食葡萄对健康的潜在益处已得到广泛研究。一些个别成分备受关注，尤其是白藜芦醇，但日常饮食中的含量微不足道。另一方面，葡萄含有数百种化合物，其中许多具有抗氧化潜力。然而，要使血清或组织中的葡萄抗氧化剂浓度达到足以介导直接淬灭作用的水平不太可能，这支持了生物反应由间接催化型反应介导的观点。我们在此用Hsd:ICR（CD-1远交群，18 - 24克，3 - 4周龄，雌性）小鼠证明，在半合成饮食中添加相当于人类每天食用2.5份葡萄的替代品，持续12个月，可调节肝脏、肾脏、结肠和卵巢中的基因表达。在对超过35000个基因进行采样变化时，正如预期的那样，存在许多功能影响。对一些特定差异表达基因的分析表明，食用葡萄有可能增强肝脏中的代谢解毒和活性氧调节、细胞代谢以及卵巢和肾脏中的抗炎活性。在结肠中，数据表明具有抗炎活性、抑制线粒体功能障碍并维持体内平衡。通路分析显示目标组织中既有上调也有下调，主要在肾脏中上调，在卵巢中下调。更广泛地说，基于这些数据，可以合理地得出结论，食用葡萄会导致全身基因表达的调节，其结果可能有助于解释在大脑、心脏、眼睛、膀胱和结肠等不同组织中所表现出的广泛活动。此外，这项工作进一步支持了营养基因组学对哺乳动物表型表达的深远影响。
