Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, 1215 Wilbraham Rd., Springfield, MA, 01119, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 May 12;13(1):7706. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34813-5.
Over the years, a substantial body of information has accumulated suggesting dietary consumption of grapes may have a positive influence on human health. Here, we investigate the potential of grapes to modulate the human microbiome. Microbiome composition as well as urinary and plasma metabolites were sequentially assessed in 29 healthy free-living male (age 24-55 years) and female subjects (age 29-53 years) following two-weeks of a restricted diet (Day 15), two-weeks of a restricted diet with grape consumption (equivalent to three servings per day) (Day 30), and four-weeks of restricted diet without grape consumption (Day 60). Based on alpha-diversity indices, grape consumption did not alter the overall composition of the microbial community, other than with the female subset based on the Chao index. Similarly, based on beta-diversity analyses, the diversity of species was not significantly altered at the three time points of the study. However, following 2 weeks of grape consumption, taxonomic abundance was altered (e.g., decreased Holdemania spp. and increased Streptococcus thermophiles), as were various enzyme levels and KEGG pathways. Further, taxonomic, enzyme and pathway shifts were observed 30 days following the termination of grape consumption, some of which returned to baseline and some of which suggest a delayed effect of grape consumption. Metabolomic analyses supported the functional significance of these alterations wherein, for example, 2'-deoxyribonic acid, glutaconic acid, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid were elevated following grape consumption and returned to baseline following the washout period. Inter-individual variation was observed and exemplified by analysis of a subgroup of the study population showing unique patterns of taxonomic distribution over the study period. The biological ramifications of these dynamics remain to be defined. However, while it seems clear that grape consumption does not perturb the eubiotic state of the microbiome with normal, healthy human subjects, it is likely that shifts in the intricate interactive networks that result from grape consumption have physiological significance of relevance to grape action.
多年来，大量的信息积累表明，葡萄的饮食摄入可能对人类健康产生积极影响。在这里，我们研究了葡萄对人类微生物组的潜在调节作用。在限制饮食（第 15 天）两周后，在限制饮食中添加葡萄（相当于每天三份）（第 30 天）两周，以及在没有葡萄消耗的限制饮食（第 60 天）四周后，我们连续评估了 29 名健康的自由生活男性（年龄 24-55 岁）和女性（年龄 29-53 岁）的微生物组组成以及尿和血浆代谢物。基于 alpha 多样性指数，葡萄消费并没有改变微生物群落的整体组成，除了女性亚组基于 Chao 指数。同样，基于 beta 多样性分析，在研究的三个时间点，物种的多样性没有显著改变。然而，在葡萄消费两周后，分类丰度发生了变化（例如，Holdemania spp.减少，Streptococcus thermophiles 增加），各种酶水平和 KEGG 途径也发生了变化。此外，在停止葡萄消费 30 天后，观察到分类、酶和途径的变化，其中一些恢复到基线，一些则表明葡萄消费的延迟效应。代谢组学分析支持了这些变化的功能意义，例如，在葡萄消费后，2'-脱氧核糖酸、戊二酸和 3-羟基苯乙酸升高，在冲洗期后恢复到基线。观察到个体间的差异，并通过研究人群的一个亚组的分析来说明，该亚组在研究期间显示出独特的分类分布模式。这些动态的生物学后果仍有待确定。然而，虽然葡萄消费似乎不会破坏正常健康人体微生物组的生态平衡，但葡萄消费导致的复杂相互作用网络的变化可能具有与葡萄作用相关的生理意义。
