Guo Yong-Qing, Hu Ya-Ru, Liu Su-Ran, Wang Meng, Xian Zhen-Yu, Liu De-Wu, Sun Bao-Li, Li Yao-Kun, Liu Guang-Bin, Deng Ming, Hu Wen-Feng, Liu Qing-Shen
College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Oct 12;12(10):1851. doi: 10.3390/antiox12101851.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the oat hay feeding method and compound probiotics (CMP) on the growth, health, serum antioxidant and immune indicators, rumen fermentation, and bacteria community of dairy calves from 3 to 5 months of age. Forty-eight female Holstein calves (80 ± 7 days of age, 93.71 ± 5.33 kg BW) were selected and randomly divided into four groups. A 2 × 2 factorial design was adopted for the experiment, with the factors of the oat hay feeding method (fed as free-choice or 16.7% in the diet) and compound probiotics (CMP) inclusion (0.15% or 0%) in the pelleted starter. The results showed that, compared with giving oat hay as free-choice, feeding a diet of 16.7% oat hay increased the pelleted starter intake at 1-84 d ( < 0.05), with an average daily gain (ADG) at 61-84 d ( = 0.02); adding CMP to the pelleted starter did not significantly affect body weight, and reduced the fecal index ( < 0.05). Feeding 16.7% oat hay increased the concentration of IgA, IgG, and IgM ( < 0.01), while adding CMP increased the catalase ( < 0.01) and decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde ( < 0.01) in serum. Feeding 16.7% oat hay increased the ruminal concentration of propionic acid ( < 0.05) and isobutyric acid ( = 0.08), and decreased the ruminal pH ( = 0.08), the concentration of acetic acid ( < 0.05), and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid ( < 0.01). Feeding 16.7% oat hay reduced the relative abundance of ruminal , , , , , and ( < 0.05); adding CMP increased the relative abundance of ruminal , , , , and ( < 0.05), and decreased the abundance of , , and ( < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding a diet of 16.7% oat hay increased the pelleted starter intake and average daily gain, while slightly reducing the ruminal pH values; adding CMP to the pelleted starter resulted in reduced diarrhea incidence, increased serum antioxidant capacity and immunity, as well as ruminal richness and diversity of microorganisms in dairy calves from 3 to 5 months of age.
本研究旨在探讨燕麦干草饲喂方式和复合益生菌（CMP）对3至5月龄犊牛生长性能、健康状况、血清抗氧化和免疫指标、瘤胃发酵及细菌群落的影响。选取48头荷斯坦雌性犊牛（80±7日龄，体重93.71±5.33 kg），随机分为四组。试验采用2×2析因设计，因素为燕麦干草饲喂方式（自由采食或日粮中占16.7%）和复合益生菌（CMP）添加量（0.15%或0%）。结果表明，与自由采食燕麦干草相比，日粮中添加16.7%燕麦干草可提高1至84日龄颗粒开食料采食量（P<0.05），61至84日龄平均日增重（ADG）提高（P = 0.02）；在颗粒开食料中添加CMP对体重无显著影响，但可降低粪便指数（P<0.05）。饲喂16.7%燕麦干草可提高血清中IgA、IgG和IgM浓度（P<0.01），添加CMP可提高血清过氧化氢酶活性（P<0.01）并降低丙二醛浓度（P<0.01）。饲喂16.7%燕麦干草可提高瘤胃丙酸浓度（P<0.05）和异丁酸浓度（P = 0.08），降低瘤胃pH值（P = 0.08）、乙酸浓度（P<0.05）及乙酸与丙酸比值（P<0.01）。饲喂16.7%燕麦干草可降低瘤胃中、、、、、和的相对丰度（P<0.05）；添加CMP可提高瘤胃中、、、、和的相对丰度（P<0.05），降低、和的丰度（P<0.05）。综上所述，日粮中添加16.7%燕麦干草可提高颗粒开食料采食量和平均日增重，同时略微降低瘤胃pH值；在颗粒开食料中添加CMP可降低3至5月龄犊牛腹泻发生率，提高血清抗氧化能力和免疫力，以及瘤胃微生物丰富度和多样性。
