Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Biomolecules. 2023 Oct 12;13(10):1512. doi: 10.3390/biom13101512.
Hormesis implies that the effects of various materials or conditions that organisms are exposed to, may not have linear dose-response characteristics but rather, can be biphasic. Thus the response to a low dose of a stressor may be the opposite to that occurring at higher doses. Such a dual response is postulated for many toxicants and physical conditions and may involve a beneficial adaptive response. Such a non-linear effect is undoubtedly present in many useful pharmacological and nutraceutical agents with can be toxic at high concentrations. This somewhat divisive topic is an area of study that should be objectively studied and not clouded by political and policy considerations. The objective of this review is to examine claims concerning those exposures where hormesis seems to exist and also those where there is no good supporting evidence. The breadth of this phenomenon and potential mechanisms underlying hormetic events are discussed together with their limitations.
胁迫效应意味着生物体暴露于各种物质或条件下的影响，可能不具有线性剂量反应特征，而是可能具有双相性。因此，对低剂量应激源的反应可能与高剂量时发生的反应相反。这种双重反应被假设适用于许多有毒物质和物理条件，并可能涉及有益的适应性反应。这种非线性效应无疑存在于许多具有毒性的有用药理学和营养保健品中，这些物质在高浓度下可能具有毒性。这个有些分歧的话题是一个值得研究的领域，应该客观地进行研究，而不受政治和政策考虑的影响。本综述的目的是检验那些似乎存在胁迫效应的暴露情况的说法，以及那些没有充分证据支持的情况。本文还讨论了这种现象的广泛性以及潜在的胁迫效应机制，以及它们的局限性。
